Hindi - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Terminology 2 History Toggle History subsection 2.1 Middle Indo-Aryan to Hindi 2.2 Hindustani 2.3 Independent India 3 Official status Toggle Official status subsection 3.1 India 3.2 Fiji 3.3 Nepal 3.4 South Africa 3.5 United Arab Emirates 4 Geographical distribution 5 Comparison with Standard Urdu 6 Script Toggle Script subsection 6.1 Romanisation 7 Phonology 8 Vocabulary Toggle Vocabulary subsection 8.1 Prakrit 8.2 Sanskrit 8.3 Persian 8.4 English 8.5 Portuguese 9 Media Toggle Media subsection 9.1 Literature 9.2 Internet 10 Sample text 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References Toggle References subsection 13.1 Bibliography 13.2 Dictionaries 14 Further reading 15 External links Toggle the table of contents Hindi 188 languages Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ Aragonés Ænglisc अंगिका العربية الدارجة مصرى অসমীয়া Asturianu अवधी Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Башҡортса Žemaitėška Bikol Central Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Беларуская Български भोजपुरी Bislama Banjar বাংলা བོད་ཡིག বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Brezhoneg Bosanski Català Chavacano de Zamboanga Нохчийн Cebuano کوردی Qırımtatarca Čeština Чӑвашла Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Zazaki Dolnoserbski डोटेली ދިވެހިބަސް Ελληνικά Esperanto Español Eesti Euskara فارسی Suomi Français Nordfriisk Frysk Gaeilge 贛語 Gàidhlig Galego Avañe'ẽ गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni ગુજરાતી Gaelg Hausa 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî Hawaiʻi עברית हिन्दी Fiji Hindi Hrvatski Hornjoserbsce Magyar Հայերեն Interlingua Jaku Iban Bahasa Indonesia Interlingue Ilokano Ido Íslenska Italiano ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut 日本語 Patois Jawa ქართული Адыгэбзэ Kabɩyɛ Kongo Kumoring Қазақша ភាសាខ្មែរ ಕನ್ನಡ 한국어 Къарачай-малкъар کٲشُر Ripoarisch Kurdî Коми Кыргызча Latina Ladino Lëtzebuergesch Lingua Franca Nova Limburgs Ligure Lombard ລາວ Lietuvių Latviešu मैथिली Malagasy Māori Македонски മലയാളം Монгол ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ ဘာသာမန် मराठी Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Эрзянь مازِرونی Napulitano Plattdüütsch नेपाली नेपाल भाषा Nederlands Norsk nynorsk Norsk bokmål Novial Occitan Livvinkarjala ଓଡ଼ିଆ Ирон ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Papiamentu Picard Polski Piemontèis پنجابی پښتو Português Runa Simi Română Русский Русиньскый संस्कृतम् Саха тыла ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ Scots سنڌي Davvisámegiella Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски සිංහල Simple English Slovenčina سرائیکی Slovenščina ChiShona Shqip Српски / srpski Svenska Kiswahili ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ தமிழ் ತುಳು తెలుగు Тоҷикӣ ไทย Tagalog Tolışi Toki pona Türkçe Татарча / tatarça ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Українська اردو Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Vepsän kel’ Tiếng Việt Volapük Winaray 吴语 მარგალური Yorùbá Vahcuengh 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí 粵語 中文 Edit links Article Talk English Read View source View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read View source View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Switch to legacy parser Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikibooks Wikifunctions Wikiquote Wikivoyage Wiktionary Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Indo-Aryan language This article is about Modern Standard Hindi. For other uses, see Hindi (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Hindu or Sindhi. "},"date":{"wt":"2011 census"},"speakers2":{"wt":"[[Second language|L2]]: {{sigfig|263.760000|3}} million (2020)<ref name=\"e28|hin\">{{e28|hin}}</ref><br/>Total: {{sigfig|609.125030|2}} million (2011–2020)<ref name=\"e28|hin\">{{e28|hin}}</ref>"},"ref":{"wt":"<ref>{{cite web |title=Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=29 June 2018 |access-date=6 July 2018 |archive-date=14 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114073426/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=\"e28|hin\">{{e28|hin}}</ref>"},"familycolor":{"wt":"Indo-European"},"fam2":{"wt":"[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]"},"fam3":{"wt":"[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]"},"fam4":{"wt":"[[Central Indo-Aryan languages|Central Indo-Aryan]]"},"fam5":{"wt":"[[Western Hindi languages|Western Hindi]]<ref name=ELL2/>"},"fam6":{"wt":"[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]<ref name=ELL2>{{ELL2|Hindustani}}</ref>"},"ancestor":{"wt":"[[Shauraseni Prakrit]]"},"ancestor2":{"wt":"[[Apabhraṃśa]]"},"ancestor3":{"wt":"[[Old Hindi]]"},"ancestor4":{"wt":"[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]"},"ancestor5":{"wt":"[[Rekhta]]"},"script":{"wt":"*[[Devanagari]] (official)\n*[[Kaithi]] (historical)\n*[[Mahajani]] (historical)\n*[[Laṇḍā scripts|Laṇḍā]] (historical)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gangopadhyay|first=Avik|title=Glimpses of Indian Languages|publisher=Evincepub publishing|year=2020|isbn=978-93-90197-82-8|page=43}}</ref>\n*[[Devanagari Braille]]"},"nation":{"wt":"*India\n** [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]\n** [[Bihar]]\n** [[Chandigarh]]\n** [[Chhattisgarh]]\n** [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]\n** [[Delhi]]\n** [[Gujarat]]\n** [[Haryana]]\n** [[Himachal Pradesh]]\n** [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]\n** [[Jharkhand]] \n** [[Ladakh]]\n** [[Madhya Pradesh]]\n** [[Rajasthan]]\n** [[Uttar Pradesh]]\n** [[Uttarakhand]]\n** [[West Bengal]] (additional)\n*[[Fiji]]"},"minority":{"wt":"{{bulleted list\n| [[South Africa]] (protected language)<ref name=\"auto1\">{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 – Chapter 1: Founding Provisions|url=http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions|website=www.gov.za|access-date=6 December 2014|archive-date=28 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028043044/http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions|url-status=live}}</ref>\n|[[United Arab Emirates]] (official court language)<ref name=\"thehindu.com\">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/abu-dhabi-includes-hindi-as-third-official-court-language/article26229023.ece|title=Abu Dhabi includes Hindi as third official court language|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 February 2019|via=www.thehindu.com|archive-date=30 April 2021|access-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430150628/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/abu-dhabi-includes-hindi-as-third-official-court-language/article26229023.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>\n|[[Mauritius]] (as a cultural language)<ref>{{cite web|title=Hindi Speaking Union Act|url=https://culture.govmu.org/Pages/Legislations/The%20Hindi%20Speaking%20Union%20%20Act%201994.pdf|website=www.culture.govmu.org|access-date=11 May 2025|archive-date=3 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250403083731/https://culture.govmu.org/Pages/Legislations/The%20Hindi%20Speaking%20Union%20%20Act%201994.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>}}"},"agency":{"wt":"[[Central Hindi Directorate]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/english/aboutus/aboutus.html |title= About Us |website=Central Hindi Directorate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504043836/http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/english/aboutus/aboutus.html |archive-date=4 May 2012 |access-date=18 February 2014}}</ref>"},"iso1":{"wt":"hi"},"iso2":{"wt":"hin"},"iso3":{"wt":"hin"},"lingua":{"wt":"59-AAF-qf"},"image":{"wt":"Hindi.svg"},"image_class":{"wt":"skin-invert-image"},"imagescale":{"wt":"1.2"},"imagecaption":{"wt":"The word \"Hindi\" in [[Devanagari]] script"},"map":{"wt":"Hindi 2011 Indian Census by district.svg"},"mapcaption":{"wt":"Distribution of L1 self-reported speakers of Hindi in India as per the 2011 Census"},"notice":{"wt":"Indic"},"sign":{"wt":"[[Indian Signing System]]"},"glotto":{"wt":"hind1269"},"glottorefname":{"wt":"Hindi"}},"i":0}}]}'>Hindi Modern Standard Hindi हिन्दी, Hindī The word "Hindi" in Devanagari script Pronunciation [ˈɦɪndiː] Native to India Region Hindi Belt Speakers L1: 345 million[a] (2011 census)[1][2] L2: 264 million (2020)[2] Total: 610 million (2011–2020)[2] Language family Indo-European Indo-IranianIndo-AryanCentral Indo-AryanWestern Hindi[3]Hindustani[3]Hindi Early forms Shauraseni Prakrit Apabhraṃśa Old Hindi Hindustani Rekhta Writing system Devanagari (official) Kaithi (historical) Mahajani (historical) Laṇḍā (historical)[4] Devanagari Braille Signed forms Indian Signing System Official status Official language in India Andaman and Nicobar Islands Bihar Chandigarh Chhattisgarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Delhi Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Ladakh Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal (additional) Fiji Recognised minority language in South Africa (protected language)[5] United Arab Emirates (official court language)[6] Mauritius (as a cultural language)[7] Regulated by Central Hindi Directorate[8] Language codes ISO 639-1 hi ISO 639-2 hin ISO 639-3 hin Glottolog hind1269 Linguasphere 59-AAF-qf Distribution of L1 self-reported speakers of Hindi in India as per the 2011 Census Part of a series on the Hindustani language (or the Hindi–Urdu social dialect continuum) Hindi Urdu Regional or dialectal variants (Andaman Creole Hindi Arunachali Hindi Aurangabadi Urdu Bangalori Urdu Begamati Bihari Hindi Bombay Hindi Deccani Dhakaiya Urdu Haflong Hindi Hinglish Hyderabadi Urdu Judeo-Urdu Kalkatiya Urdu Karkhandari Urdu Kauravi Rekhta Urdish) History Old Hindi Hindi–Urdu controversy (Sanskritisation Urdu propagation movement Hindutva boycott of Hindi cinema) Persian and Urdu List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin Hindi Belt (Hindi in Bihar) Hindi in Pakistan Urdu in the United Kingdom Hindi literature Urdu literature (Urdu poetry) Hindustani orthography Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu Scripts Devanagari (Nuqta) Nastaliq (Urdu alphabet) Kaithi Grammar Numerals Declension Verbs Pronouns Linguistic history Vocabulary (Profanity Tapori List of Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian roots in Hindi) Phonology (History) Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages Accessibility Hindi–Urdu transliteration Roman Hindi Roman Urdu Hindustani Braille Devanagari Braille Urdu Braille Indo-Pakistani Sign Language v t e Modern Standard Hindi (Hindi: आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, romanised: Ādhunik Mānak Hindī),[9] commonly referred to as Hindi, is an Indo-Aryan language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of the government of India, and is the lingua franca for most of the northern half of India.[10] Hindi is an official language in ten states (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand), and six union territories (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Delhi,…