Nikkei 225 - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 History 2 Weighting 3 Contract specifications 4 Annual returns 5 Components Toggle Components subsection 5.1 Air transport 5.2 Automotive 5.3 Banking 5.4 Chemicals 5.5 Communications 5.6 Construction 5.7 Electric machinery 5.8 Electric power 5.9 Fishery 5.10 Foods 5.11 Gas 5.12 Glass & ceramics 5.13 Insurance 5.14 Land transport 5.15 Machinery 5.16 Marine transport 5.17 Mining 5.18 Nonferrous metals 5.19 Other financial services 5.20 Other manufacturing 5.21 Petroleum 5.22 Pharmaceuticals 5.23 Precision instruments 5.24 Pulp & paper 5.25 Railway/bus 5.26 Real estate 5.27 Retail 5.28 Rubber 5.29 Securities 5.30 Services 5.31 Shipbuilding 5.32 Steel 5.33 Textiles & apparel 5.34 Trading companies 6 Statistics Toggle Statistics subsection 6.1 Closing milestones 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Toggle the table of contents Nikkei 225 43 languages العربية Беларуская Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Eesti Euskara فارسی Suomi Français Galego हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano 日本語 한국어 Кыргызча Lietuvių Latviešu Македонски മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands Norsk bokmål Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Svenska Türkçe Українська Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 Edit links Article Talk English Read Edit View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read Edit View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Switch to legacy parser Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Japanese stock market index (''The Nikkei'')<br />{{small|([[Nikkei, Inc.]])}}"},"exchanges":{"wt":"[[Tokyo Stock Exchange]] (TSE)"},"constituents":{"wt":"225"},"currency":{"wt":"[[Japanese yen]] (JP¥)"},"weighting":{"wt":"[[Price-weighted index]]"},"related":{"wt":"[[TOPIX|Tokyo Stock Price Index]] (TOPIX)"},"homepage":{"wt":"{{URL|https://indexes.Nikkei.co.jp/en/nkave|indexes.Nikkei.co.jp}}"}},"i":0}}]}'>Nikkei 225 Foundation 7 September 1950; 75 years ago (1950-09-07) Operator Nihon Keizai Shimbun (The Nikkei) (Nikkei, Inc.) Exchanges Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) Constituents 225 Weighting method Price-weighted index Related indices Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX) Website indexes.Nikkei.co.jp Nikkei 225 Index The Nikkei 225, or the Nikkei Stock Average (Japanese: 日経平均株価, Hepburn: Nikkei heikin kabuka), more commonly called the Nikkei or the Nikkei index[1][2] (/ˈnɪkeɪ, ˈniː-, nɪˈkeɪ/), is a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). It is a price-weighted index, operating in the Japanese Yen (JP¥), and its components are reviewed twice a year. The Nikkei 225 measures the performance of 225 highly capitalised and liquid publicly owned companies in Japan from a wide array of industry sectors. Since 2017, the index is calculated every five seconds.[3] It was originally launched by the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1950, and was taken over by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (The Nikkei) newspaper in 1970, when the Tokyo Exchange switched to the Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX), which is weighed by market capitalisation rather than stock prices.[4] History [edit] The Nikkei 225 began to be calculated on 7 September 1950, retroactively calculated back to 16 May 1949 when the average price of its component stocks was ¥176.21 (equivalent to ¥1,554 in 2024) using a divisor of 225.[5][6] Since July 2017, the index is updated every 5 seconds during trading sessions.[5] The Nikkei 225 Futures, introduced at Singapore Exchange (SGX) in 1986, the Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE) in 1988, Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) in 1990, is now an internationally recognized futures index.[7] The Nikkei average has deviated sharply from the textbook model of stock averages, which grow at a steady exponential rate. During the Japanese asset price bubble, the average hit its bubble-era record high on 29 December 1989, when it reached an intraday high of 38,957.44, before closing at 38,915.87, having grown sixfold during the decade. Subsequently, it lost nearly all these gains, reaching a post-bubble intraday low of 6,994.90 on 28 October 2008 — 82% below its peak nearly 19 years earlier.[8] The 1989 record high held for 34 years, until it was surpassed in 2024 (see below). On 15 March 2011, the second working day after the massive earthquake in the northeast part of Japan, the index dropped over 10% to finish at 8,605.15, a loss of 1,015 points. The index continued to drop throughout 2011, bottoming out at 8,160.01 on 25 November, putting it at its lowest close since 31 March 2009. The Nikkei fell over 17% in 2011, finishing the year at 8,455.35, its lowest year-end closing value in nearly thirty years, when the index finished at 8,016.70 in 1982.[9] The Nikkei started 2013 near 10,600, hitting a peak of 15,942 in May. However, shortly afterward, it plunged by almost 10% before rebounding, making it the most volatile stock market index among the developed markets. By 2015, it had reached over 20,000 mark, marking a gain of over 10,000 in two years, making it one of the fastest growing stock market indices in the world. However, by 2018, the index growth was more moderate at around the 22,000 mark.[citation needed] There was concern that the rise since 2013 was artificial and due to purchases by the Bank of Japan ("BOJ").[10][11] From a start in 2013, by end 2017, the BOJ owned circa 75%[12] of all Japanese Exchange Traded Funds ("ETFs"), and were a top 10 shareholder of 90% of the Nikkei 225 constituents.[13][14] On 15 February 2021, the Nikkei average breached the 30,000 benchmark, its highest level in 30 years, due to the levels of monetary stimulus and asset purchase programs executed by the Bank of Japan to mitigate the financial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.[15] On 22 February 2024, the Nikkei reached an intraday high of 39,156.97 and closed at 39,098.68, finally surpassing its 1989 record high, an important milestone since the Japanese asset price bubble.[16] On 4 March 2024, the index surpassed 40,000 (intraday and closing) for the first time in history.[17] On 5 August 2024, amid a global stock market decline, the Nikkei dropped by more than 4,200 points, surpassing 1987's Black Monday as its biggest single-day drop in history.[18] The following day, it bounced back by more than 3,200 points, the largest single-day gain in history.[19] On 27 February 2026, the Nikkei closed at a record all-time high of 58,850 points.[20] Weighting [edit] [</span>icon<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwkQ\">]</span>","txt":"[icon]"}]]}'> This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (May 2025) The index is a price-weighted index. The index is calculated as follows:[5] , then Price is the stock price of a component. AdjFactor is the price adjustment factor.[clarification needed] AdjPrice is the adjusted price of the stock after multiplying by the adjustment factor. Divisor is the index divisor. The divisor is adjusted each time there is a change in the index's constituents, or a stock split occurs (unless when compensated for the price adjustment factor).[clarification needed] As of 1 April 2026[update], the divisor is 29.83110217. That is, every ¥100 change in the adjusted price of a constituent stock results in a 3.3522 unit movement in the index. As of 15 June 2026[update], the company with the largest influence on the index is Tokyo Electron (TYO: 8035), at about 10% weight. Contract specifications [edit] The Nikkei 225 is traded as a future on the Osaka exchange (OSE). The contract specifications for the Nikkei 225 (OSE ticker symbol JNK) are listed below: Contract Specifications[21] Nikkei 225 (JNK) Contract Size: Nikkei 225 Index X Y1,000 Exchange: OSE Sector: Index Tick Size: 10 Tick Value: 10000 JPY Big Point Value (BPV): 1000 Denomination: JPY Decimal Place: 0 Annual returns [edit] The following table shows the annual development of the Nikkei 225, which was officially calculated back to 16 May 1949, with unofficial calculations extending back to 1914.[22][23][24] Year Closing level Change in Index in Points Change in Index in % 1914 21.12 1915 32.10 10.98 51.99 1916 41.61 9.51 29.63 1917 41.40 −0.21 −0.50 1918 42.21 0.81 1.96 1919 53.63 11.42 27.06 1920 27.44 −26.19 −48.83 1921 28.88 1.44 5.25 1922 23.97 −4.91 −17.00 1923 22.83 −1.14 −4.76 1924 24.45 1.62 7.10 1925 27.96 3.51 14.36 1926 27.25 −0.71 −2.54 1927 25.82 −1.43 −5.25 1928 25.65 −0.17 −0.66 1929 21.32 −4.33 −16.88 1930 16.82 −4.50 −21.11 1931 16.28 −0.54 −3.21 1932 30.33 14.05 86.30 1933 34.12 3.79 12.50 1934 32.30 −1.82 −5.33 1935 33.76 1.46 4.52 1936 35.94 2.18 6.46 1937 37.33 1.39 3.87 1938 33.66 −3.67 −9.83 1939 44.96 11.30 33.57 1940 37.42 −7.54 −16.77 1941 42.44 5.02 13.42 1942 42.71 0.27 0.64 1943 42.11 −0.60 −1.40 1944 41.82 −0.29 −0.69 1945 40.53 −1.29 −3.08 1946 28.72 −11.81 −29.14 1947 39.31 10.59 36.87 1948 72.84 33.53 85.30 1949 109.91 37.07 50.89 1950 101.91 −8.00 −7.28 1951 166.06 64.15 62.95 1952 362.64 196.58 118.38 1953 377.95 15.31 4.22 1954 356.09 −21.86 −5.78 1955 425.69 69.60 19.55 1956 549.14 123.45 29.00 1957 474.55 −74.59 −13.58 1958 666.54 191.99 40.46 1959 874.88 208.34 31.26 1960 1,356.71 481.83 55.07 1961 1,432.60 75.89 5.59 1962 1,420.43 −12.17 −0.85 1963 1,225.10 −195.33 −13.75 1964 1,216.55 −8.55 −0.70 1965 1,417.83 201.28 16.55 1966 1,452.10 34.27 2.42 1967 1,283.47 −168.63 −11.61 1968 1,714.89 431.42 33.61 1969 2,358.96 644.07 37.56 1970 1,987.14 −371.82 −15.76 1971 2,713.74 726.60 36.57 1972 5,207.94 2,494.20 91.91 1973 4,306.80 −901.14 −17.30 1974 3,817.22 −489.58 −11.37 1975 4,358.60 541.38 14.18 1976 4,990.85 632.25 14.51 1977 4,865.60 −125.25 −2.51 1978 6,001.85 1,136.25 23.35 1979 6,569.47 567.62 9.46 1980 7,116.38 546.91 8.33 1981 7,681.84 565.46 7.95 1982 8,016.67 334.83 4.36 1983 9,893.82 1,877.15 23.42 1984 11,542.60 1,648.78 16.66 1985 13,113.32 1,570.72 13.61 1986 18,701.30 5,587.98 42.61 1987 21,564.00 2,862.70 15.31 1988 30,159.00 8,595.00 39.86 1989 38,915.87 8,756.87 29.04 1990 23,848.71 −15,067.16 −38.72 1991 22,983.77 −864.94 −3.63 1992 16,924.95 −6,058.82 −26.36 1993 17,417.24 492.29 2.91 1994 19,723.06 2,305.82 13.24 1995 19,868.15 145.09 0.74 1996 19,361.35 −506.80 −2.55 1997 15,258.74 −4,102.61 −21.19 1998 13,842.17 −1.416,57 −9.28 1999 18,934.34 5,092.17 36.79 2000 13,785.69 −5,148.65 −27.19 2001 10,542.62 −3,243.07 −23.52 2002 8,578.95 −1,963.67 −18.63 2003 10,676.64 2,097.69 24.45 2004 11,488.76 812.12 7.61 2005 16,111.43 4,622.67 40.24 2006 17,225.83 1,114.40 6.92 2007 15,307.78 −1,918.05 −11.13 2008 8,859.56 −6,448.22 −42.12 2009 10,546.44 1,686.88 19.04 2010 10,228.92 −317.52 −3.01 2011 8,455.35 −1,773.57 −17.24 2012 10,395.18 1,939.83 22.94 2013 16,291.31 5,896.13 56.72 2014 17,450.77 1,159.46 7.12 2015 19,033.71 1,582.94 9.07 2016 19,114.40 80.69 0.42 2017 22,764.94 3,650.54 19.10 2018 20,014.77 −2,750.17 −12.08 2019 23,656.62 3,641.85 18.20 2020 27,444.17 3,787.55 16.01 2021 28,791.71 1,347.54 4.68 2022 26,094.50 −2,697.21 −9.37 2023 33,464.17 7,369.67 28.24 2024 39,894.54 6,430.37 19.21 2025 50,339.48 10,444.94 26.18 Components [edit] Components grouped by GICS sector E…