JSON Introducing JSON العربية Български 中文 Český Dansk Nederlands English Esperanto Français Deutsch Ελληνικά עברית Magyar Indonesia Italiano 日本 한국어 فارسی Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Српско-хрватски Slovenščina Español Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt ECMA-404 The JSON Data Interchange Standard. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999. JSON is a text format that is completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, and many others. These properties make JSON an ideal data-interchange language. JSON is built on two structures: A collection of name/value pairs. In various languages, this is realized as an object, record, struct, dictionary, hash table, keyed list, or associative array. An ordered list of values. In most languages, this is realized as an array, vector, list, or sequence. These are universal data structures. Virtually all modern programming languages support them in one form or another. It makes sense that a data format that is interchangeable with programming languages also be based on these structures. In JSON, they take on these forms: An object is an unordered set of name/value pairs. An object begins with {left brace and ends with }right brace. Each name is followed by :colon and the name/value pairs are separated by ,comma. An array is an ordered collection of values. An array begins with [left bracket and ends with ]right bracket. Values are separated by ,comma. A value can be a string in double quotes, or a number, or true or false or null, or an object or an array. These structures can be nested. A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters, wrapped in double quotes, using backslash escapes. A character is represented as a single character string. A string is very much like a C or Java string. A number is very much like a C or Java number, except that the octal and hexadecimal formats are not used. Whitespace can be inserted between any pair of tokens. Excepting a few encoding details, that completely describes the language. json element value object array string number "true" "false" "null" object '{' ws '}' '{' members '}' members member member ',' members member ws string ws ':' element array '[' ws ']' '[' elements ']' elements element element ',' elements element ws value ws string '"' characters '"' characters "" character characters character '0020' . '10FFFF' - '"' - '\' '\' escape escape '"' '\' '/' 'b' 'f' 'n' 'r' 't' 'u' hex hex hex hex hex digit 'A' . 'F' 'a' . 'f' number integer fraction exponent integer digit onenine digits '-' digit '-' onenine digits digits digit digit digits digit '0' onenine onenine '1' . '9' fraction "" '.' digits exponent "" 'E' sign digits 'e' sign digits sign "" '+' '-' ws "" '0020' ws '000A' ws '000D' ws '0009' ws 8th json ActionScript ActionScript3 Ada GNATCOLL.JSON AdvPL JSON-ADVPL APL ⎕JSON ASP JSON for ASP JSON ASP utility class AWK JSON.awk rhawk BlitzMax bmx-rjson C mu_json JSON_checker YAJL LibU json-c json-parser jsonsl WJElement M's JSON parser cJSON Jansson jsmn parson ujson4c frozen microjson mjson progbase lwjson cisson nanoJSONc JSON-BUILD C++ JSONKit jsonme-- ThorsSerializer JsonBox jvar rapidjson JSON for Modern C++ minijson jsoncons jsoncpp univalue jsovon ArduinoJson QJson CAJUN libjson nosjob JSON library for IoT qmjson JSON Support in Qt JsonWax for Qt progbase Qentem-Engine C# fastJSON JSON_checker Json.NET JSON for .NET Manatee Json FastJsonParser LightJson Liersch.Json Liersch.JsonSerialization progbase JSON Essentials Clojure data.json Cobol Redvers COBOL JSON Interface ColdFusion SerializeJSON D std.json asdf vibe.data.json Dart JsonCodec Delphi Delphi Web Utils JSON Delphi Library EJSON in TermL Erlangerl-json FantomJson FileMakerJSON Fortran json-fortran YAJL-Fort jsonff Gopackage json Groovy groovy-io Haskell RJson package json package Java JSON-java esson JSONUtil jsonp Json-lib Stringtree SOJO json-taglib Flexjson Argo jsonij fastjson mjson jjson json-simple json-io google-gson FOSS Nova JSON Corn CONVERTER Apache johnzon Genson cookjson progbase jackson MOXy JavaScript JSON json2.js clarinet Oboe.js progbase LabVIEW flatten Lisp Common Lisp JSON LiveCode mergJSON LotusScript JSON LS Lua JSON Modules M DataBallet Matlab JSONlab 20565 23393 Net.Data netdata-json Nim Module json Objective C NSJSONSerialization json-framework JSONKit yajl-objc TouchJSON OCaml jsonm PascalScript JsonParser Perl CPAN Photoshop JSON Photoshop Scripting PHP PHP 5.2 PicoLisp picolisp-json Pike Public.Parser.JSON Public.Parser.JSON2 PL/SQL pljson PureBasic JSON Puredata PuRestJson Python The Python Standard Library simplejson pyson Yajl-Py ultrajson metamagic.json progbase R rjson jsonlite Racketjson-parsing Reboljson.r RPGJSON Utilities Rust Serde JSON json-rust Ruby yajl-ruby json-stream progbase Scala circe Scheme MZScheme JSON-struct Shell Jshon JSON.sh jwalk SqueakSqueak TclJSON Visual Basic VB-JSON PW.JSON .NET-JSON-Transformer progbase Visual FoxPro fwJSON JSON vfpjson Wing json-type Videos about JSON Videos about the JSON Logo Heresy & Heretical Open Source: A Heretic's Perspective Nota Message Format