S&P 500 - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 History 2 Performance 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Toggle the table of contents S&P 500 55 languages العربية Boarisch Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Eesti فارسی Suomi Français עברית हिन्दी Hrvatski Magyar Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano 日本語 ქართული Қазақша ಕನ್ನಡ 한국어 Кыргызча Lietuvių Latviešu മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands Norsk nynorsk Norsk bokmål Polski Português Română Русский Саха тыла Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Svenska Тоҷикӣ ไทย Türkmençe Türkçe Українська Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Tiếng Việt 吴语 粵語 中文 Edit links Article Talk English Read Edit View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read Edit View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Switch to legacy parser Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Large-cap American stock market index For a list of companies included in the index, see List of S&P 500 companies. "},"operator":{"wt":"[[S&P Dow Jones Indices]]<ref name=sp500r/>"},"symbol":{"wt":"{{ubl|^GSPC|$SPX|SPX||.SPX|.INX}}"},"exchanges":{"wt":"{{ubl|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]|[[Nasdaq]]|[[Cboe Global Markets|Cboe BZX Exchange]]}}"},"constituents":{"wt":"[[List of S&P 500 companies|503]]<ref name=data/>"},"cap_level":{"wt":"[[Market capitalization#Market cap terms|Large-cap]]<ref name=sp500r/>"},"mcap":{"wt":"{{US$|70.3 trillion|link=yes}}<br />(as of Aug 12, 2026)<ref name=data>{{cite web |url=https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500/#data |title=S&P 500® |website=[[S&P Dow Jones Indices]] |publisher=[[S&P Global]]}}</ref>"},"weighting":{"wt":"[[Capitalization-weighted index#Free-float weighting|Free-float capitalization-weighted]]<ref name=Methodology>{{cite web | title=S&P U.S. Indices Methodology | url=https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/methodologies/methodology-sp-us-indices.pdf |publisher=[[S&P Global]] |date=June 2026}}</ref>"},"related":{"wt":"{{unbulleted list|[[S&P 1500]]|[[S&P Global 1200]]|[[S&P 100]]}}"},"homepage":{"wt":"{{URL|https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500/}}"}},"i":0}}]}'>S&P 500S&P 500 from 1970 to 2023 Foundation March 4, 1957; 69 years ago (1957-03-04)[1] Operator S&P Dow Jones Indices[2] Exchanges NYSE Nasdaq Cboe BZX Exchange Trading symbol ^GSPC $SPX SPX .SPX .INX Constituents 503[3] Type Large-cap[2] Market cap US$70.3 trillion (as of Aug 12, 2026)[3] Weighting method Free-float capitalization-weighted[4] Related indices S&P 1500 S&P Global 1200 S&P 100 Website www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500/ {{Cite web | url=https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239726/ishares-core-sp-500-etf | title=iShares Core S&P 500 ETF |website=[[iShares]] |publisher=[[BlackRock]]}}</ref>"},"value1":{"wt":"37.40"},"label1":{"wt":"Information Technology"},"value2":{"wt":"12.20"},"label2":{"wt":"Financials"},"value3":{"wt":"9.67"},"label3":{"wt":"Communication Services"},"value4":{"wt":"9.34"},"label4":{"wt":"Consumer Discretionary"},"value5":{"wt":"9.09"},"label5":{"wt":"Health Care"},"value6":{"wt":"8.68"},"label6":{"wt":"Industrials"},"value7":{"wt":"4.49"},"label7":{"wt":"Consumer Staples"},"value8":{"wt":"3.27"},"label8":{"wt":"Energy"},"value9":{"wt":"2.01"},"label9":{"wt":"Utilities"},"value10":{"wt":"1.82"},"label10":{"wt":"Materials"},"value11":{"wt":"1.79"},"label11":{"wt":"Real Estate"}},"i":0}}]}'> Industry classification of the components of the index per the Global Industry Classification Standard as of August 12, 2026[update][5] Information Technology (37.4%) Financials (12.2%) Communication Services (9.67%) Consumer Discretionary (9.34%) Health Care (9.09%) Industrials (8.68%) Consumer Staples (4.49%) Energy (3.27%) Utilities (2.01%) Materials (1.82%) Real Estate (1.79%) The S&P 500 (Standard and Poor's 500)[6] is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States that are considered to have large market capitalizations. The S&P 500 is a subset of the S&P 1500. It is maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices and its components are selected by a committee. For a list of the criteria for addition to the index, see S&P 1500 § Selection criteria.[4] The index is a public-float-weighted/capitalization-weighted index. The index includes approximately 83% of the total market capitalization of U.S. public companies, with an aggregate market capitalization of more than $61.1 trillion as of December 31, 2025.[2] The median market capitalization of the components of the index is $41.8 billion and components range in market capitalization from $5.6 billion to $4.8 trillion.[7] Products linked to the S&P 500 include index funds (exchange-traded funds/ETFs and mutual funds) as well as derivatives (options and futures contracts), which are available for trading in many countries with the goal of replicating the performance of the index. Also available are modified index funds; they replicate the performance of the index with modifications such as the use of covered call strategies, equal weighting, performance buffers, leverage, inclusion of only growth or value stocks, or exclusion of certain sectors, all with the goal of changing the risk/return and yield. The SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust, with approximately $800 billion in assets, has the highest average daily volume of all S&P 500 ETFs. In total, there was approximately $13 trillion in assets tracking the index as of December 31, 2024.[8] The component companies that have increased their dividends over 25 consecutive years are known as the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats.[9] Companies in the S&P 500 derive a collective 72% of revenues from the United States and 28% from other countries.[10] The index is one of the factors in the computation of the Conference Board Leading Economic Index, which is used to forecast the direction of the economy.[11] The index is associated with many ticker symbols, including ^GSPC,.[12] INX,[13] and SPX, depending on market or website.[14] History [edit] Though there is large variability in month-to-month changes in the S&P 500 (gray lines), a seasonal pattern emerges when the monthly change values are averaged (bold line).[15] In 1860, Henry Varnum Poor published the History of Railroads and Canals in the United States, a reference guide to the railroad industry for investors; in 1868 he published the book's follow-up, Poor's Manual of the Railroads of the United States.[16] In 1923, Standard Statistics Company (founded in 1906 as the Standard Statistics Bureau) began rating mortgage bonds[16] and developed its first stock market index consisting of the stocks of 233 U.S. companies, computed weekly.[1] Three years later, it developed a 90-stock index, computed daily.[1] In 1941, Poor's publishing company merged with Standard Statistics Company to form Standard & Poor's.[16][17] On Monday, March 4, 1957, the index was expanded to its current extent of 500 companies and was renamed the S&P 500 Stock Composite Index.[1] In 1962, Ultronic Systems became the compiler of the S&P indices including the S&P 500 Stock Composite Index, the 425 Stock Industrial Index, the 50 Stock Utility Index, and the 25 Stock Rail Index.[18] On August 31, 1976, The Vanguard Group offered the first mutual fund to retail investors that tracked the index.[1] On April 21, 1982, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange began trading futures based on the index.[1] On July 1, 1983, the Chicago Board Options Exchange began trading options based on the index.[1] Beginning in 1986, the index value was updated every 15 seconds, or 1,559 times per trading day, with price updates disseminated by Reuters. Prior to this, it had been updated once every minute.[19] On January 22, 1993, the Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts exchange-traded fund issued by State Street Corporation began trading.[1] On September 9, 1997, CME Group introduced the S&P E-mini futures contract.[1] In 2005, the index transitioned to a public float-adjusted capitalization-weighting.[20] Friday, September 17, 2021, was the final trading date for the original SP big contract which began trading in 1982.[21] Performance [edit] Since its inception in 1926, the index's compound annual growth rate—including dividends—has been approximately 9.8% (6% after inflation), with the standard deviation of the return, calculated on a monthly basis, over the same time period being 20.81%. While the index has declined in several years by over 30%,[22] it has posted annual increases 70% of the time,[23] with 5% of all trading days resulting in record highs.[24] Show / Hide table Year Price return (excluding dividends) Total return (including dividends) Annualized Return over 5 years 10 years 15 years 20 years 25 years 1961 23.13% - - - - - - 1962 −11.81% - - - - - - 1963 18.89% - - - - - - 1964 12.97% - - - - - - 1965 9.06% - - - - - - 1966 −13.09% - - - - - - 1967 20.09% - - - - - - 1968 7.66% - - - - - - 1969 −11.36% - - - - - - 1970 0.10% 4.01% - - - - - 1971 10.79% 14.31% - - - - - 1972 15.63% 18.98% - - - - - 1973 −17.37% −14.66% - - - - - 1974 −29.72% −26.47% −2.35% - - - - 1975 31.55% 37.20% 3.21% - - - - 1976 19.15% 23.84% 4.87% - - - - 1977 −11.50% −7.18% −0.21% - - - - 1978 1.06% 6.56% 4.32% - - - - 1979 12.31% 18.44% 14.76% 5.86% - - - 1980 25.77% 32.50% 13.96% 8.45% - - - 1981 −9.73% −4.92% 8.10% 6.47% - - - 1982 14.76% 21.55% 14.09% 6.70% - - - 1983 17.27% 22.56% 17.32% 10.63% - - - 1984 1.40% 6.27% 14.81% 14.78% 8.76% - - 1985 26.33% 31.73% 14.67% 14.32% 10.49% - - 1986 14.62% 18.67% 19.87% 13.83% 10.76% - - 1987 2.03% 5.25% 16.47% 15.27% 9.86% - - 1988 12.40% 16.61% 15.31% 16.31% 12.17% - - 1989 27.25% 31.69% 20.37% 17.55% 16.61% 11.55% - 1990 −6.56% −3.10% 13.20% 13.93% 13.94% 11.16% - 1991 26.31% 30.47% 15.36% 17.59% 14.34% 11.90% - 1992 4.46% 7.62% 15.88% 16.17% 15.47% 11.34% - 1993 7.06% 10.08% 14.55% 14.93% 15.72% 12.76% - 1994 −1.54% 1.32% 8.70% 14.38% 14.52% 14.58% 10.98% 1995 34.11% 37.58% 16.59% 14.88% 14.81% 14.60% 12.22% 1996 20.26% 22.96% 15.22% 15.29% 16.80% 14.56% 12.55% 1997 31.01% 33.36% 20.27% 18.05% 17.52% 16.65% 13.07% 1998 26.67% 28.58% 24.06% 19.21% 17.90% 17.75% 14.94% 1999 19.53% 21.04% 28.56% 18.21% 18.93% 17.88% 17.25% 2000 −10.14% −9.10% 18.33% 17.46% 16.02% 15.68% 15.34% 2001 −13.04% −11.89% 10.70% 12.94% 13.74% 15.24% 13.78% 2002 −23.37% −22.10% −0.59% 9.34% 11.48% 12.71% 12.98% 2003 26.38% 28.68% −0.57% 11.07% 12.22% 12.98% 13.84% 2004 8.99% 10.88% −2.30% 12.07% 10.94% 13.22% 13.54% 2005 3.00% 4.91% 0.54% 9.07% 11.52% 11.94% 12.48% 2006 13.62% 15.79% 6.19% 8.42% 10.64% 11.80% 13.37% 2007 3.53% 5.49% 12.83% 5.91% 10.49% 11.82% 12.73% 2008 −38.49% −37.00% −2.19% −1.38% 6.46% 8.43% 9.77% 2009 23.45% 26.46% 0.41% −0.95% 8.04% 8.21% 10.54% 2010 12.78% 15.06% 2.29% 1.41% 6.76% 9.14% 9.94% 2011 −0.00% 2.11% −0.25% 2.92% 5.45% 7.81% 9.28% 2012 13.41% 16.00% 1.66% 7.10% 4.47% 8.22% 9.71% 2013 29.60% 32.39% 17.94% 7.40% 4.68% 9.22% 10.26% 2014 11.39% 13.69% 15.45% 7.67% 4.24% 9.85% 9.62% 2015 −0.73% 1.38% 12.57% 7.30% 5.00% 8.19% 9.82% 2016 9.54% 11.96% 14.66% 6.94% 6.69% 7.68% 9.15% 2017 19.42% 21.83% 15.79% 8.49% 9.92% 7.19% 9.…