Animal - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Etymology 2 Characteristics Toggle Characteristics subsection 2.1 Structural features 2.2 Development 2.3 Reproduction 3 Ecology 4 Diversity Toggle Diversity subsection 4.1 Size 4.2 Numbers and habitats of major phyla 5 Evolutionary origin 6 Phylogeny Toggle Phylogeny subsection 6.1 External phylogeny 6.2 Internal phylogeny 6.3 Porifera 6.4 Ctenophora 6.5 Cnidaria 6.6 Placozoa 6.7 Bilateria 6.7.1 Protostomes and deuterostomes 7 History of classification 8 In human culture Toggle In human culture subsection 8.1 Practical uses 8.2 Symbolic uses 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 External links Toggle the table of contents Animal 263 languages Аԥсшәа Acèh Адыгабзэ Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ Aragonés Ænglisc अंगिका العربية ܐܪܡܝܐ الدارجة مصرى অসমীয়া Asturianu Atikamekw अवधी Aymar aru Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Башҡортса Basa Bali Boarisch Žemaitėška Batak Toba Bikol Central Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Беларуская Betawi Български भोजपुरी Bislama Bamanankan বাংলা བོད་ཡིག Brezhoneg Bosanski Буряад Català 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Нохчийн Cebuano ᏣᎳᎩ Tsetsêhestâhese کوردی Corsu Qırımtatarca Čeština Чӑвашла Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Zazaki Kadazandusun डोटेली ཇོང་ཁ Eʋegbe Ελληνικά Esperanto Español Eesti Euskara Estremeñu فارسی Suomi Võro Na Vosa Vakaviti Føroyskt Français Arpetan Nordfriisk Frysk Gaeilge Gagauz 贛語 Kriyòl gwiyannen Gàidhlig Galego Avañe'ẽ 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 ગુજરાતી Wayuunaiki Gungbe Gaelg Hausa 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî עברית हिन्दी Fiji Hindi Hrvatski Kreyòl ayisyen Magyar Հայերեն Interlingua Jaku Iban Bahasa Indonesia Interlingue Igbo Iñupiatun Ilokano ГӀалгӀай Ido Íslenska Italiano ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut 日本語 Patois La .lojban. Jawa ქართული Qaraqalpaqsha Taqbaylit Jju Kabɩyɛ Tyap Kongo Kumoring Қазақша ಕನ್ನಡ Yerwa Kanuri 한국어 Перем коми کٲشُر Ripoarisch Kurdî Kʋsaal Kernowek Кыргызча Latina Ladino Lëtzebuergesch Лакку Лезги Lingua Franca Nova Limburgs Ligure Ladin Lombard Lingála ລາວ Lietuvių Latgaļu Latviešu मैथिली Basa Banyumasan Malagasy Олык марий Minangkabau Македонски മലയാളം Монгол ဘာသာမန် मराठी Bahasa Melayu Malti Mirandés မြန်မာဘာသာ Эрзянь مازِرونی Napulitano Nedersaksies Plattdüütsch नेपाली नेपाल भाषा Li Niha Nederlands Norsk nynorsk Norsk bokmål Novial Nouormand Diné bizaad Occitan Oromoo ଓଡ଼ିଆ Ирон ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Kapampangan Papiamentu Deitsch Polski Piemontèis پنجابی Nawat پښتو Português Runa Simi ရခိုင် Rumantsch Romani čhib Română Armãneashti Tarandíne Русский Русиньскый Ikinyarwanda संस्कृतम् Саха тыла ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ Sardu Sicilianu Scots سنڌي Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Taclḥit တႆး සිංහල Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Anarâškielâ ChiShona Soomaaliga Shqip Српски / srpski Sranantongo Seeltersk Sunda Svenska Kiswahili Ślůnski Sakizaya தமிழ் Tayal తెలుగు Тоҷикӣ ไทย ትግርኛ Türkmençe Tagalog Tolışi Lea faka-Tonga Toki pona Tok Pisin Türkçe Xitsonga Татарча / tatarça ChiTumbuka Twi ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Українська اردو Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Tshivenda Vepsän kel’ Tiếng Việt West-Vlams Volapük Walon Winaray Wolof 吴语 IsiXhosa მარგალური ייִדיש Yorùbá Vahcuengh Zeêuws ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ 文言 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí 粵語 中文 IsiZulu Edit links Article Talk English Read View source View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read View source View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Switch to legacy parser Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Abstract Wikipedia Wikimedia Commons Wikispecies Wikiquote Wikiversity Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Biological kingdom For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). "Animalia" redirects here. For other uses, see Animalia (disambiguation). "},"image":{"wt":"<imagemap>\nFile:Animal diversity b.png |300px\n\nrect 0 0 118 86 [[Echinoderm]]\nrect 0 86 118 172 [[Cnidaria]]\nrect 0 172 118 258 [[Tardigrade]]\nrect 0 258 118 344 [[Flatworm]]\n\nrect 118 0 236 86 [[Sponge]]\nrect 118 86 236 172 [[Arthropod]]\nrect 118 172 236 258 [[Bryozoa]]\nrect 118 258 236 344 [[Acanthocephala]]n\n\nrect 236 0 354 86 [[Mollusc]]\nrect 236 86 354 172 [[Annelid]]\nrect 236 172 354 258 [[Vertebrate]]\nrect 236 258 354 344 [[Tunicate]]\n\n</imagemap>"},"image_upright":{"wt":"1.3"},"subdivision_ranks":{"wt":"Major groups"},"subdivision":{"wt":"*[[Bilateria]] (~30 phyla)\n* [[Cnidaria]]\n* [[Ctenophora]]\n* [[Placozoa]]\n* [[Porifera]]"},"synonyms":{"wt":"* Metazoa {{au|Haeckel, 1874}}<ref name=\"Phylonyms Metazoa\">{{cite book |chapter=Metazoa E. Haeckel 1874 [J. R. Garey and K. M. Halanych], converted clade name |title=Phylonyms: A Companion to the PhyloCode |edition=1st |date=2020 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |doi=10.1201/9780429446276 |page=1352 |isbn=978-0-429-44627-6 |s2cid=242704712 |editor-first1=Kevin |editor-last1=de Queiroz |editor-first2=Philip |editor-last2=Cantino |editor-first3=Jacques |editor-last3=Gauthier}}</ref>\n* Choanoblastaea {{au|Nielsen, 2008}}<ref name=\"Choanoblastaea\">{{cite journal |title=Six major steps in animal evolution: are we derived sponge larvae? |journal=Evolution & Development |volume=10 |issue=2 |date=2008 |pages=241–257 |first1=Claus |last1=Nielsen |doi=10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00231.x |pmid=18315817 |bibcode=2008EvDev..10..241N |s2cid=8531859 |issn=1520-541X}}</ref>\n* Gastrobionta {{au|Rothm., 1948}}<ref name=\"Rothmaler\">{{cite journal |first1=Werner |last1=Rothmaler |date=1951 |title=Die Abteilungen und Klassen der Pflanzen |journal=Feddes Repertorium |doi=10.1002/fedr.19510540208 |volume=54 |issue=2–3 |pages=256–266}}</ref>\n* Zooaea {{au|Barkley, 1939}}<ref name=\"Rothmaler\"/>\n* Euanimalia {{au|Barkley, 1939}}<ref name=\"Rothmaler\"/>"}},"i":5}}]}'> Animals Temporal range: Cryogenian – present, 665–0 Ma Pha. Proterozoic Archean Had. Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Podiata Clade: Amorphea Clade: Obazoa Clade: Opisthokonta Clade: Holozoa Clade: Filozoa Clade: Choanozoa Kingdom: Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 Major groups Bilateria (~30 phyla) Cnidaria Ctenophora Placozoa Porifera Synonyms Metazoa Haeckel, 1874[1] Choanoblastaea Nielsen, 2008[2] Gastrobionta Rothm., 1948[3] Zooaea Barkley, 1939[3] Euanimalia Barkley, 1939[3] Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms belonging to the biological kingdom Animalia (/ˌænɪˈmeɪliə/[4]). Animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, have myocytes, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. With few exceptions, animals are able to move. Animals form a clade, meaning that they arose from a single common ancestor. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described, of which around 1.05 million are insects, over 85,000 are molluscs, and around 65,000 are vertebrates. It has been estimated there are as many as 7.77 million animal species on Earth. Animal body lengths range from 8.5 μm (0.00033 in) to 33.6 m (110 ft). They have complex ecologies and interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology, and the study of animal behaviour is known as ethology. The animal kingdom is divided into five major clades, namely Porifera, Ctenophora, Placozoa, Cnidaria and Bilateria. Most living animal species belong to the clade Bilateria, a highly proliferative clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric and significantly cephalised body plan, and the vast majority of bilaterians belong to two large clades: the protostomes, which include organisms such as arthropods, molluscs, flatworms, annelids and nematodes; and the deuterostomes, which include echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates, the last of which contains the vertebrates. The much smaller basal phylum Xenacoelomorpha have an uncertain position within Bilateria. Animals first appeared in the fossil record in the late Cryogenian period and diversified in the subsequent Ediacaran period in what is known as the Avalon explosion. Nearly all modern animal phyla first appeared in the fossil record as marine species during the Cambrian explosion, which began around 539 million years ago (Mya), and most classes during the Ordovician radiation 485.4 Mya. Common to all living animals, 6,331 groups of genes have been identified that may have arisen from a single common ancestor that lived about 650 Mya during the Cryogenian period. Historically, Aristotle divided animals into those with blood and those without. Carl Linnaeus created the first hierarchical biological classification for animals in 1758 with his Systema Naturae, which Jean-Baptiste Lamarck expanded into 14 phyla by 1809. In 1874, Ernst Haeckel divided the animal kingdom into the multicellular Metazoa (now synonymous with Animalia) and the Protozoa, single-celled organisms no longer considered animals. In modern times, the biological classification of animals relies on advanced techniques, such as molecular phylogenetics, which are effective at demonstrating the evolutionary relationships between taxa. Humans make use of many other animal species for food (including meat, eggs, and dairy products), for materials (such as leather, fur, and wool), as pets and as working animals for transportation, and services. Dogs, the first domesticated animal, have been used in hunting, in security and in warfare, as have horses, pigeons and birds of prey; while other terrestrial and aquatic animals are hunted for sports, trophies or profits. Non-human animals are also an important element of human culture, having appeared in cave arts and totems since the earliest times, and are frequently featured in mythology, religion, arts, literature, heraldry, politics, and sports. Etymology The word animal comes from the Latin noun animal of the same meaning, which is itself derived from Latin animalis 'having breath or soul'.[5] The biological definition includes all members of the kingdom Animalia.[6] In colloquial usage, the term animal is often used to refer only to nonhuman animals.[7][8][9][10] The term metazoa is derived from Ancient Greek μετα meta 'after' (in biology, the prefix meta- stands for 'later') and ζῷᾰ zōia 'animals', plural of ζῷον zōion 'animal'.[11] A metazoan is any member of the group Metazoa.[12] Characteristics Animals are unique in having the ball of cells of the early embryo (1) develop into a hollow ball or blastula (2). Animals have several characteristics that they share with other living things. Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular, and aerobic, as are plants and fungi.[13] Unlike plants and algae, which produce their own food,[14] animals cannot produce their own food,[15][16] a feature they share with fungi. Animals ingest o…