Mari El - Wikipedia

Mari El - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Geography 2 History 3 Administrative divisions 4 Politics 5 Demographics Toggle Demographics subsection 5.1 Vital statistics 5.2 Ethnic groups 5.3 Religion 5.4 Education 6 Economy Toggle Economy subsection 6.1 Transportation 6.2 Communication 7 Culture 8 Notable people 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Sources 13 External links 14 Further reading Toggle the table of contents Mari El 119 languages Аԥсшәа Acèh Afrikaans العربية مصرى Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Башҡортса Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Беларуская Български Brezhoneg Bosanski Буряад Català 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Нохчийн Cebuano Qırımtatarca Čeština Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ Чӑвашла Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Zazaki Ελληνικά Esperanto Español Eesti Euskara فارسی Suomi Võro Français Nordfriisk Frysk Gaeilge Gagauz Galego 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî עברית हिन्दी Hrvatski Hornjoserbsce Magyar Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Interlingue Iñupiatun Ido Medžuslovjansky Italiano 日本語 ქართული Қазақша 한국어 Перем коми Коми Кыргызча Latina Lingua Franca Nova Lombard Lietuvių Latviešu Олык марий Македонски Монгол मराठी Кырык мары Bahasa Melayu Эрзянь مازِرونی Plattdüütsch Nederlands Norsk nynorsk Norsk bokmål Occitan Livvinkarjala Ирон Polski پنجابی پښتو Português Română Русский Саха тыла Scots سنڌي Davvisámegiella Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Shqip Српски / srpski Sunda Svenska Kiswahili தமிழ் ไทย Tagalog Tolışi Türkçe Татарча / tatarça Удмурт ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Українська اردو Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Vepsän kel’ Tiếng Việt Winaray 吴语 მარგალური 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí 粵語中文 Edit links Article Talk English Read Edit View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read Edit View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Switch to legacy parser Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikivoyage Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide Coordinates: 56°42′N 47°52′E / 56.700°N 47.867°E / 56.700; 47.867 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Mari and Mariel. First-level administrative division of Russia Constitution of the Mari El Republic, Article 16</ref> {{center|[[File:Regional_anthem_of_Mari_El_Mari.oga]]}}"},"political_status":{"wt":"Republic"},"political_status_link":{"wt":"Republics of Russia"},"federal_district":{"wt":"[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]"},"economic_region":{"wt":"[[Volga-Vyatka economic region|Volga-Vyatka]]"},"adm_ctr_type":{"wt":"Capital"},"adm_ctr_name":{"wt":"[[Yoshkar-Ola]]"},"official_lang_list":{"wt":"[[Mari language|Mari]] ([[Meadow Mari language|Meadow]] and [[Hill Mari language|Hill]])"},"official_lang_ref":{"wt":"<ref name=\"languages\">Constitution of the Mari El Republic, Article 15</ref>"},"pop_2021census":{"wt":"672093"},"pop_2021census_rank":{"wt":"64th"},"urban_pop_2021census":{"wt":"68.4%"},"rural_pop_2021census":{"wt":"31.6%"},"pop_2021census_ref":{"wt":"<ref name=2021census>{{cite web|title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=1 September 2022}}</ref>"},"demographics_type2":{"wt":"GDP {{nobold|(nominal, 2024)}}"},"demographics2_footnotes":{"wt":"<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://rosstat.gov.ru/statistics/accounts# |title=Валовой региональный продукт - Врп с 1998-2024 года|website=rosstat.gov.ru}}</ref>"},"demographics2_title1":{"wt":"Total"},"demographics2_info1":{"wt":"[[Russian ruble|₽]]{{FXConvert|RUS|355|b|lk=on}}"},"demographics2_title2":{"wt":"Per capita"},"demographics2_info2":{"wt":"₽{{FXConvert|RUS|530998|lk=on}}"},"area_km2":{"wt":"23375"},"area_km2_rank":{"wt":"72nd"},"established_date":{"wt":"December 5, 1936"},"established_date_ref":{"wt":"<ref name=\"Established\">Official website of the Mari El Republic. [http://portal.mari.ru/republic/Pages/nation.aspx Ethnic and Historical Reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828005724/http://portal.mari.ru/republic/Pages/nation.aspx |date=August 28, 2013 }}, mari.ru; accessed September 14, 2017. {{in lang|ru}}</ref>"},"license_plates":{"wt":"12"},"ISO":{"wt":"RU-ME"},"leader_title":{"wt":"[[Head of Mari El|Head]]"},"leader_title_ref":{"wt":"<ref name=\"HeadLegis\">Constitution, Article 6.2</ref>"},"leader_name":{"wt":"[[Yury Zaitsev (politician)|Yury Zaitsev]]<ref>{{Cite web|lang=ru|url=https://www.kazan.kp.ru/daily/27443.5/4646047/|title=Полиглот, человек из бизнеса и жесткий руководитель: что еще известно о новом главе Марий Эл Юрии Зайцеве|website=www.kazan.kp.ru|date=2022-09-14|access-date=}}</ref>"},"legislature":{"wt":"[[State Assembly of the Mari El Republic|State Assembly]]"},"legislature_ref":{"wt":"<ref name=\"HeadLegis\"/>"},"website":{"wt":"https://mari-el.gov.ru/"}},"i":0}}]}'>Republic in Volga, Russia Mari El Republic Республика Марий Эл (Russian) Republic Other transcription(s) • Meadow Mari Марий Эл Республик • Hill Mari Мары Эл Республик Flag Coat of arms Anthem: "State Anthem of the Mari El Republic"[1] Interactive map of Mari El Republic Mari El Republic Location within European Russia Coordinates: 56°42′N 47°52′E / 56.700°N 47.867°E / 56.700; 47.867[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid\u0000fragment:18}}[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mari_El&params=56_42_N_47_52_E_type:adm1st_region:RU 56°42′N 47°52′E / 56.700°N 47.867°E / 56.700; 47.867][[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]"}}'/> Country Russia Federal district Volga Economic region Volga-Vyatka Established December 5, 1936[2] Capital Yoshkar-Ola Government • Body State Assembly[3] • Head[3] Yury Zaitsev[4] Area • Total 23,375 km2 (9,025 sq mi) • Rank 72nd Population (2021 census)[5] • Total 672,093 • Estimate (2018)[6] 682,333 • Rank 64th • Density 28.753/km2 (74.469/sq mi) • Urban 68.4% • Rural 31.6% GDP (nominal, 2024)[7] • Total ₽355 billion (US$4.82 billion) • Per capita ₽530,998 (US$7,209.75) Time zone UTC+3 (MSK ) ISO 3166 code RU-ME License plates 12 OKTMO ID 88000000 Official languages Russian; Mari (Meadow and Hill)[8] Website https://mari-el.gov.ru/ People Mari Language Mari Country Mari El Mari El,[a] officially the Mari El Republic,[b] is a republic of Russia. It is in the European region of the country, along the northern bank of the Volga River, and administratively part of the Volga Federal District. The republic has a population of 696,459 (2010 Census).[9] Yoshkar-Ola is the capital and largest city. Mari El, one of Russia's ethnic republics, was established for the indigenous Mari people, a Finno-Ugric nation who have traditionally lived along the Volga and Kama Rivers. The majority of the republic's population are ethnic Russians (52.5%), with a significant Mari minority (40.1%), and smaller minority populations of Tatars and Chuvash. The official languages are Russian and Mari. Mari El is bordered by Nizhny Novgorod Oblast to the west, Kirov Oblast to the north, Tatarstan to the east, and Chuvashia to the south. Geography [edit] Bolshaya Kokshaga River The republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia, along and mostly to the north of the Volga River. The swampy Mari Depression is in the west of the republic, contrasted by hillier landscapes in the east where the highest point of the republic (at 278 metres (912 ft)[10]) is located. The republic borders with Kirov Oblast in the north and east, the Republic of Tatarstan in the southeast and south, the Chuvash Republic in the south, and with Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in the west and north. There are 476 rivers in the republic, with the Volga and its tributaries being the major water arteries. Most rivers are considered to be minor—10–50 m (33–164 ft) wide and 0.5–1.4 m (1 ft 8 in – 4 ft 7 in) deep—and usually freeze between mid-November and mid-April. There are over 700 lakes and ponds; many located in the swampy areas and have areas of less than 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi) and depths of 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in). Lake Yalchik, occupying 150 hectares (370 acres), is the largest by area, while Lake Tabashinskoye is the deepest. Swamps cover large areas—10–70 km2 (3.9–27.0 sq mi) and up to 100 km2 (39 sq mi)—and usually freeze in December. While swamps tend to be shallow, with an average depth of 0.5–1.5 m (1 ft 8 in – 4 ft 11 in), they are impassable in fall and spring due to flooding.[citation needed] Climate is moderately continental, with moderately cold and snowy winters and warm and often rainy summers. The average temperatures range from 18–20 °C (64–68 °F) in summer to −18 – −20 °C (0 – −4 °F) in winter. November is the windiest month of the year. Annual precipitation varies from 450 to 500 mm (18 to 20 in). There are virtually no natural resources of industrial significance in the republic. Other resources include peat, mineral waters, and limestone. About 50% of the republic's territory is forested, although the level of forestation varies significantly from one district to another.[citation needed] History [edit] Geographical map of the Mari El Republic. Ancient Mari tribes were known since the 5th century, though archaeologists suspect that the Mari culture is much older in its roots. Later their area was a tributary of Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde. In the 1440s it was incorporated into the Khanate of Kazan and was occupied by the Tsardom of Russia (governed by Ivan the Terrible) after the fall of Kazan in 1552. After the Russian Revolution, under the Bolshevik regime, the Mari Autonomous Oblast was established on 4 November 1920. It was re-organized into the Mari ASSR on 5 December 1936, at the same time as the enactment of the 1936 Soviet Constitution. In its present form, the Mari El Republic was formed on 22 December 1990. On 21 May 1998, Mari El alongside Amur, Ivanovo, Kostroma, and Voronezh Oblast signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy.[11] This agreement was abolished on 31 December 2001.[12] The name of the republic is based on the ethnic self-designation of i…