Iran - Wikipedia · Qortora

Iran - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Etymology 2 History Toggle History subsection 2.1 Prehistory 2.2 Antiquity 2.2.1 Achaemenid Empire 2.2.2 Parthian and Sasanian empires 2.3 Medieval period 2.3.1 Early Islamic rule and regional resistance in Iran 2.3.2 The Abbasid revolution and Iranian Renaissance 2.3.3 Islamization and Persianization 2.3.4 Mongol invasions 2.3.5 Timur and the rise of new powers 2.4 Early modern period 2.4.1 Nader Shah and the shifting balance of power 2.4.2 Rise of the Qajar dynasty and foreign interference 2.5 20th century up to the Iranian Revolution 2.5.1 Constitutional Revolution and the rise of the Pahlavi dynasty 2.5.2 World War II and post-occupation instability 2.5.3 Mosaddegh and the Shah's rule 2.6 Islamic Revolution 2.6.1 Khomeini era, Iran–Iraq War, and leadership transition 2.6.2 Khamenei era 3 Geography Toggle Geography subsection 3.1 Climate 3.2 Biodiversity 4 Government and politics Toggle Government and politics subsection 4.1 Supreme Leader 4.2 President 4.3 Guardian Council 4.4 Supreme National Security Council 4.5 Legislature 4.6 Law 4.7 Administrative divisions 4.8 Foreign relations 4.9 Military 4.10 Nuclear program 4.11 Regional influence 4.12 Censorship 4.13 Human rights 5 Economy Toggle Economy subsection 5.1 Tourism 5.2 Agriculture and fishery 5.3 Industry and services 5.4 Energy 5.5 Science and technology 5.5.1 Iranian Space Agency 5.6 Telecommunication 6 Demographics Toggle Demographics subsection 6.1 Ethnic groups 6.2 Languages 6.3 Religion 6.4 Education 6.5 Health 7 Culture Toggle Culture subsection 7.1 Art 7.2 Architecture 7.3 World Heritage Sites 7.4 Weaving 7.5 Literature 7.6 Museums 7.7 Music and dance 7.8 Media 7.9 Cuisine 7.10 Sports 8 See also 9 References Toggle References subsection 9.1 Notes 9.2 Citations 10 Bibliography Toggle Bibliography subsection 10.1 Encyclopaedia Iranica 10.2 Books 10.3 Other sources 11 External links Toggle External links subsection 11.1 Government 11.2 History 11.3 Tourism 11.4 Maps Toggle the table of contents Iran 294 languages Аԥсшәа Acèh Адыгабзэ Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ Pangcah Aragonés Ænglisc अंगिका العربية ܐܪܡܝܐ الدارجة مصرى অসমীয়া Asturianu Авар Kotava अवधी Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Башҡортса Basa Bali Boarisch Žemaitėška Bikol Central Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Беларуская Betawi Български भोजपुरी Bislama Banjar বাংলা བོད་ཡིག বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Brezhoneg Bosanski Batak Mandailing Basa Ugi Буряад Català Chavacano de Zamboanga 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Нохчийн Cebuano ᏣᎳᎩ کوردی Corsu Qırımtatarca Čeština Kaszëbsczi Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ Чӑвашла Cymraeg Dansk Dagbanli Deutsch Zazaki Dolnoserbski Kadazandusun डोटेली ދިވެހިބަސް Ελληνικά Emiliàn e rumagnòl Esperanto Español Eesti Euskara Estremeñu فارسی Fulfulde Suomi Võro Na Vosa Vakaviti Føroyskt Français Arpetan Nordfriisk Frysk Gaeilge Gagauz 贛語 Kriyòl gwiyannen Gàidhlig Galego گیلکی Avañe'ẽ गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 ગુજરાતી Gaelg Hausa 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî Hawaiʻi עברית हिन्दी Fiji Hindi Hrvatski Hornjoserbsce Kreyòl ayisyen Magyar Հայերեն Արեւմտահայերէն Interlingua Jaku Iban Bahasa Indonesia Interlingue Ilokano ГӀалгӀай Ido Íslenska Medžuslovjansky Italiano 日本語 Patois La .lojban. Jawa ქართული Qaraqalpaqsha Taqbaylit Karai-karai Адыгэбзэ Kabɩyɛ Tyap Kongo Kumoring Gĩkũyũ Қазақша ភាសាខ្មែរ ಕನ್ನಡ Yerwa Kanuri 한국어 Перем коми Къарачай-малкъар کٲشُر Ripoarisch Kurdî Коми Kernowek Кыргызча Latina Ladino Lëtzebuergesch Лакку Лезги Lingua Franca Nova Luganda Limburgs Ligure Ladin Lombard Lingála ລາວ Lietuvių Latviešu Madhurâ मैथिली Basa Banyumasan Мокшень Malagasy Олык марий Māori Minangkabau Македонски മലയാളം Монгол ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ मराठी Кырык мары Bahasa Melayu Malti Mirandés မြန်မာဘာသာ Эрзянь مازِرونی Napulitano Nedersaksies Plattdüütsch नेपाली नेपाल भाषा Nederlands Norsk nynorsk Norsk bokmål Novial ߒߞߏ Sesotho sa Leboa Diné bizaad Chi-Chewa Occitan Livvinkarjala Oromoo ଓଡ଼ିଆ Ирон ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Pangasinan Kapampangan Papiamentu Picard Deitsch Polski Piemontèis پنجابی پښتو Português Runa Simi Rumantsch Ikirundi Română Armãneashti Tarandíne Русский Русиньскый Ikinyarwanda संस्कृतम् Саха тыла ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ Sardu Sicilianu Scots سنڌي Davvisámegiella Sängö Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Taclḥit တႆး සිංහල Simple English Slovenčina سرائیکی Slovenščina Gagana Samoa Anarâškielâ ChiShona Soomaaliga Shqip Српски / srpski Sranantongo SiSwati Sesotho Seeltersk Sunda Svenska Kiswahili ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ Ślůnski Sakizaya தமிழ் Tayal ತುಳು తెలుగు Tetun Тоҷикӣ ไทย ትግርኛ Türkmençe Tagalog Tolışi Lea faka-Tonga Toki pona Tok Pisin Türkçe Seediq Xitsonga Татарча / tatarça ChiTumbuka Twi Тыва дыл Удмурт ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Українська اردو Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Vèneto Vepsän kel’ Tiếng Việt West-Vlams Volapük Walon Winaray Wolof 吴语 IsiXhosa მარგალური ייִדיש Yorùbá Vahcuengh Zeêuws ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ 文言閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí 粵語中文 IsiZulu Edit links Article Talk English Read View source View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read View source View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Switch to legacy parser Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Abstract Wikipedia Wikimedia Commons Wikinews Wikiquote Wikiversity Wikivoyage Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Country in West Asia This article is about the country. For other uses, see Iran (disambiguation). "Persia" redirects here. For other uses, see Persia (disambiguation). {{transliteration|fa|Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân}}"},"image_flag":{"wt":"Flag of Iran (official).svg"},"image_coat":{"wt":"Emblem of Iran.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert"},"symbol_type":{"wt":"Emblem"},"national_motto":{"wt":"{{ubl\n | {{lang|ar|اَللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ}}\n | {{transliteration|ar|Allāhu ʾAkbar}} (''[[Takbir]]'')\n | \"[[God in Islam|God]] is the Greatest\"\n | (''[[de jure]]'')\n | {{lang|fa|استقلال، آزادی، جمهوری اسلامی}}\n | {{transliteration|fa|Esteghlâl, Âzâdi, Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi}}\n | \"Independence, freedom, the Islamic Republic\"\n | (''[[de facto]]''){{sfn|Temperman|2010|p=87}}\n}}"},"national_anthem":{"wt":"{{lang|fa|سرود ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران}}<br />{{tlit|fa|[[National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran|Sorud-e Melli-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân]]}}<br />{{nowrap|\"National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran\"}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Sorud-e Mellí-e Yomhurí-e Eslamí-e Irán (instrumental).oga]]}}"},"image_map":{"wt":"{{switcher|[[File:Iran (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Iran - Location Map (2013) - IRN - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Show map of Iran}}"},"map_width":{"wt":"250px"},"capital":{"wt":"[[Tehran]]"},"coordinates":{"wt":"{{#invoke:Coordinates|coord|35|41|N|51|25|E|type:city}}"},"largest_city":{"wt":"[[Tehran]]"},"official_languages":{"wt":"[[Persian language|Persian]]"},"languages2_type":{"wt":"Special status"},"ethnic_groups":{"wt":"{{unbulleted list\n | 61% [[Persians]]{{efn|Includes [[Gilaks]] and [[Mazanderanis]].}}\n | 16% [[Iranian Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijanis]]\n | 10% [[Iranian Kurds|Kurds]]\n | 6% [[Lurs]]\n | 2% [[Iranian Arabs|Arabs]]\n | 2% [[Baloch people in Iran|Baloch]]\n | 2% [[Iranian Turkmens|Turkmen]] and [[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribes\n | 1% [[Ethnicities in Iran|others]]\n }}"},"ethnic_groups_ref":{"wt":"<ref name=\"MRGI-Iran\">{{cite web |title=Iran – Minority Rights Group |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/iran/ |website=Minority Rights Group International |access-date=18 April 2026 |date=June 2025 |archive-date=5 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605131827/https://minorityrights.org/country/iran/ |url-status=live }}</ref>"},"ethnic_groups_year":{"wt":"2025"},"religion":{"wt":"{{tree list}}\n* 99.4% [[Islam in Iran|Islam]]\n** 90–95% [[Shia Islam|Shia]] ([[state religion|official]])\n** 5–10% [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]\n* 0.6% [[Religion in Iran|other]] (incl. [[Christianity in Iran|Christians]], [[Zoroastrianism in Iran|Zoroastrians]], [[Judaism in Iran|Jews]])\n{{tree list/end}}"},"religion_ref":{"wt":"<ref name=\"USCIRF-2026\">{{cite report |title=Iran 2026 Annual Report |url=https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2026-03/USCIRF%202026%20Annual%20Report%20Iran.pdf |publisher=[[United States Commission on International Religious Freedom]] |date=April 2026 |access-date=18 April 2026}}</ref>"},"demonym":{"wt":"[[Demographics of Iran|Iranian]]"},"government_type":{"wt":"Unitary [[presidential system|presidential]]{{efn|Ultimate authority is vested in the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]], a position above the President.}} theocratic [[Islamic republic]] under an [[authoritarianism|authoritarian]] dictatorship{{refn|name=authoritarian-dictatorship|\n* {{cite web |title=Democracy Index 2025 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2025/ |website=[[Economist Intelligence Unit]] |access-date=18 April 2026 |date=2025}}\n* {{cite web |title=Iran: Freedom in the World 2025 Country Report |publisher=[[Freedom House]] |year=2025 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/iran/freedom-world/2025 |access-date=7 June 2026}}\n* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Zeidan |first=Adam |title=Supreme leader of Iran |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/supreme-leader-of-Iran |access-date=7 June 2026}}\n}}"},"leader_title1":{"wt":"[[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]]"},"leader_name1":{"wt":"[[Mojtaba Khamenei]]"},"leader_title2":{"wt":"[[President of Iran|President]]"},"leader_name2":{"wt":"[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]"},"leader_title3":{"wt":"[[Vice President of Iran|First Vice President]]"},"leader_name3":{"wt":"[[Mohammad Reza Aref]]"},"leader_title4":{"wt":"[[List of speakers of the Parliament of Iran|Speaker of the Assembly]]"},"leader_name4":{"wt":"[[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]]"},"leader_title5":{"wt":"[[Chief Justice of Iran|Chief Justice]]"},"leader_name5":{"wt":"[[Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i]]"},"legislature":{"wt":"[[Islamic Consultative Assembly]]"},"sovereignty_type":{"wt":"[[History of Iran|Formation]]"},"established_event1":{"wt":"[[Median kingdom]]"},"established_date1":{"wt":"{{circa|678 BC}}"},"established_event2":{"wt":"[[Achaemenid Empire]]"},"established_date2":{"wt":"550 BC"},"established_event3":{"wt":"[[Parthian Empire]]"},"established_date3":{"wt":"247 BC"},"establis…