The arts - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Definition 2 History and classifications Toggle History and classifications subsection 2.1 Classifications 3 Visual arts Toggle Visual arts subsection 3.1 Architecture 3.2 Ceramic art 3.3 Conceptual art 3.4 Drawing 3.5 Painting 3.6 Photography 3.7 Sculpture 3.8 Applied arts 4 Literary arts 5 Performing arts Toggle Performing arts subsection 5.1 Dance 5.2 Music 5.3 Theatre 6 Multidisciplinary artistic works Toggle Multidisciplinary artistic works subsection 6.1 Video games 7 Criticism 8 Education 9 Political and moral issues 10 Notes 11 References Toggle References subsection 11.1 Bibliography 12 External links Toggle the table of contents The arts 62 languages Afrikaans العربية مصرى Asturianu Беларуская भोजपुरी বাংলা Català کوردی Cymraeg Ελληνικά Esperanto Español Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Avañe'ẽ עברית Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Ido 日本語 La .lojban. 한국어 Kurdî Kernowek Lietuvių Македонски മലയാളം Malti မြန်မာဘာသာ नेपाली नेपाल भाषा Norsk nynorsk Norsk bokmål Novial Nouormand ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Kapampangan پښتو Português ရခိုင် Русский සිංහල Simple English Shqip Српски / srpski Svenska Kiswahili தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Toki pona Türkçe Xitsonga Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí 粵語 中文 Edit links Article Talk English Read View source View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read View source View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Switch to legacy parser Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Creative human and cultural expression This article is about the group of creative disciplines. For the concept of art, see Art. "Arts" redirects here. For the acronym, see ARTS. Clockwise, from top left: Still Life with Profile of Laval by Paul Gauguin, 1886 A tambourine player at a traditional debaa dance festival in Mayotte Sanctuary of Las Lajas, Nariño Department, Colombia A bian lian performer The title page of Shakespeare's sonnets in a 1609 edition by Thomas Thorpe The arts, or creative arts, are a vast range of human practices involving creative expression, storytelling, and cultural participation. The arts encompass diverse and plural modes of thought, deeds, and existence in an extensive range of media. Both a dynamic and characteristically constant feature of human life, the arts have developed into increasingly stylized and intricate forms. This is achieved through sustained and deliberate study, training, or theorizing within a particular tradition, generations, and even between civilizations. The arts are a medium through which humans cultivate distinct social, cultural, and individual identities while transmitting values, impressions, judgments, ideas, visions, spiritual meanings, patterns of life, and experiences across time and space. The arts are divided into three main branches: visual arts, literature, and performing arts. Examples of visual arts include architecture, ceramic art, drawing, filmmaking, painting, photography, and sculpture. Examples of literature include fiction, drama, poetry, and prose. Examples of performing arts include dance, music, and theatre. The arts can employ skill and imagination to produce physical objects and performances, convey insights and experiences, and construct new natural environments and spaces. The arts can refer to common, popular, or everyday practices as well as more sophisticated, systematic, or institutionalized ones. They can be discrete and self-contained or combine and interweave with other art forms, such as combining artwork with the written word in comics. Art forms can also develop or contribute to aspects of more complex art forms, as in cinematography. By definition, the arts themselves are open to being continually redefined. The practice of modern art, for example, is a testament to the shifting boundaries, improvisation and experimentation, reflexive nature, and self-criticism or questioning that art and its conditions of production, reception, and possibility can undergo. As both a means of developing capacities of attention and sensitivity and ends in themselves (art for art's sake), the arts can be a form of response to the world. It is a way to transform human responses and what humans deem worthwhile goals or pursuits. From prehistoric cave paintings during the Upper Palaeolithic, to ancient and contemporary forms of rituals, to modern-day films, the arts have registered, embodied, and preserved the ever-shifting relationships of humans with each other and the world. Definition Further information: Art and Classificatory disputes about art The arts are considered various practices or objects done by people with skill, creativity, and imagination across cultures and history.[1] These activities include painting, sculpting, music, theatre, literature, and more.[2] Art refers to the way of doing or applying human creative skills, typically, but not necessarily, in visual form.[3][4] However, there have been disputes on whether or not to classify something as a work of art, referred to as classificatory disputes about art. For example, classificatory disputes in the 20th century have included Cubist and Impressionist paintings, Marcel Duchamp's Fountain, the movies, J. S. G. Boggs' superlative imitations of banknotes, conceptual art, and video games.[5] History and classifications Main articles: History of art, History of literature, and History of music The Venus of Brassempouy, a fragmentary ivory figurine from the Upper Paleolithic In Ancient Greece, art and craft were referred to by the word techne. Ancient Greek art introduced veneration of the animal form and the development of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, beauty, and anatomically correct proportions. Ancient Roman art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with characteristically distinguishing features, such as Zeus' thunderbolt. In Byzantine and Gothic art of the Middle Ages, the dominant church insisted on the expression of Christian themes due to the overlap of church and state in medieval Europe.[6] Asian art has generally worked in style akin to Western medieval art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour.[a] A characteristic of this style is that local colour is defined by an outline, the cartoon being a contemporary equivalent. This is evident in the art of India, Tibet, and Japan. Islamic art avoids the representation of living beings, particularly humans and other animals, in religious contexts.[7] It instead expresses religious ideas through calligraphy and geometrical designs.[8] Classifications Lawrence Alma-Tadema's Catullus-at-Lesbia's, 1865 In the Middle Ages, liberal arts were taught in European medieval universities as part of the trivium, an introductory curriculum involving grammar, rhetoric, and logic,[9] and of the quadrivium, a curriculum involving the "mathematical arts" of arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.[10] In modern academia, the arts can be grouped with, or a subset of, the humanities.[11] The arts have been classified into seven forms: painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, theatre, and filmmaking.[12] Some arts may be derived from others; for example, drama is literature with acting,[13] dance is music expressed through motion,[14] and songs are music with literature and human voice.[15] Television is sometimes called the "eighth" and comics the "ninth art" in Francophone scholarship, adding to the traditional "Seven Arts".[16][17] Cultural fields like gastronomy are only sometimes considered as arts.[18] Visual arts Main article: Visual arts Further information: Work of art Visual art forms include architecture, ceramic art, crafts, design, drawing, filmmaking, image, painting, photography, printmaking, sculpture, and video. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile arts, also involve aspects of the visual arts, as well as arts of other types. Within the visual arts, the applied arts,[19] such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design, and decorative arts[20] are also included. Architecture Main article: Architecture The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. Some definitions include the wider design of the built environment, from the macro level of urban planning, urban design, and landscape architecture, to the micro level of creating furniture.[21] Architectural design usually must address feasibility and cost for the builder, as well as function and aesthetics for the user.[22] In modern usage, architecture is the art and discipline of creating or inferring an implied or apparent plan for a complex object or system.[23] Some types of architecture manipulate space, volume, texture, light, shadow, or abstract elements, to achieve pleasing aesthetics.[24] Architectural works may be seen as cultural and political symbols or works of art. The role of architects, though changing, has been central to the design and implementation of pleasingly built environments in which people live.[25] Ceramic art Main article: Ceramic art 12th-century Goryeo celadon kettle. Goryeo wares are considered a great achievement of Korean art. Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials,[26] which may take forms such as pottery, tiles, figurines, sculptures, and tableware. While some ceramic products are considered fine art, others are considered decorative, industrial, or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology. People design, manufacture, and decorate pottery in pottery or ceramic factories. Some pottery is regarded as art pottery.[27] In one-person pottery studios, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery. Ceramics exclude glass and mosaics made from glass tesserae.[28] Conceptual art Main article: Conceptual art Conceptual art is art where the concepts or ideas involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns.[29] The inception of the term in the 1960s referred to a strict and focused practice of idea-based art that defied traditional visual criteria associated with the visual arts in its presentation as text.[30] Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s,[31] the popular usage of conceptual art, particularly in the United Kingdom, developed into a synonym for all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture.[32] Drawing Main article: Drawing Drawing is a means of making an image using various tools and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax coloured pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and marker pens. Digital tools with similar effects are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are line drawing, hatching, cross-hatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a drafter, draftswoman, or draughtsman.[33] Drawing can be used to create art used in c…