Zhu Rongji - Wikipedia

Zhu Rongji - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Early life and career Toggle Early life and career subsection 1.1 People's Republic of China 2 Political career in Shanghai 3 Vice Premiership Toggle Vice Premiership subsection 3.1 Overview 3.2 Contributions to socialist market economy 4 Premiership Toggle Premiership subsection 4.1 Anti-corruption initiatives 4.2 Cross-strait relations 4.3 Foreign affairs 5 After retirement 6 Personal life and death 7 Legacy 8 See also 9 References Toggle References subsection 9.1 Citations 9.2 Sources 10 External links Toggle the table of contents Zhu Rongji 49 languages العربية مصرى Asturianu Aymar aru Български 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Cebuano Čeština Deutsch Esperanto Español Euskara فارسی Suomi Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano 日本語 Jawa 한국어 Lietuvių Malagasy Монгол मराठी Bahasa Melayu नेपाली Nederlands Norsk nynorsk Norsk bokmål Polski Português Runa Simi Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Winaray 吴语閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí 粵語中文 Edit links Article Talk English Read Edit View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read Edit View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Switch to legacy parser Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Premier of China from 1998 to 2003 In this Chinese name, the family name is Zhu. [[Qian Qichen]] [[Wu Bangguo]] Wen Jiabao"},"predecessor":{"wt":"[[Li Peng]]"},"successor":{"wt":"[[Wen Jiabao]]"},"order1":{"wt":"[[Vice Premier of China]]"},"premier1":{"wt":"[[Li Peng]]"},"term_start1":{"wt":"29 March 1993"},"term_end1":{"wt":"17 March 1998"},"order2":{"wt":"[[Governor of the People's Bank of China]]"},"term_start2":{"wt":"2 July 1993"},"term_end2":{"wt":"30 June 1995"},"premier2":{"wt":"[[Li Peng]]"},"predecessor2":{"wt":"[[Li Guixian]]"},"successor2":{"wt":"[[Dai Xianglong]]"},"office3":{"wt":"[[Party Secretary of Shanghai]]"},"term_start3":{"wt":"1 August 1989"},"term_end3":{"wt":"20 March 1991"},"predecessor3":{"wt":"[[Jiang Zemin]]"},"successor3":{"wt":"[[Wu Bangguo]]"},"office4":{"wt":"[[Mayor of Shanghai]]"},"term_start4":{"wt":"25 April 1988"},"term_end4":{"wt":"20 March 1991"},"predecessor4":{"wt":"[[Jiang Zemin]]"},"successor4":{"wt":"[[Huang Ju]]"},"birth_date":{"wt":"{{Birth date|1928|10|23|df=y}}"},"birth_place":{"wt":"[[Changsha]], Hunan, China"},"death_date":{"wt":"{{Death date and age|2026|08|12|1928|10|23|df=y}}"},"death_place":{"wt":"[[Beijing]], China"},"party":{"wt":"[[Chinese Communist Party]] (1949–1958; 1978–2026)"},"spouse":{"wt":"{{marriage|[[Lao An]]|1956}}"},"children":{"wt":"Zhu Yanlai (daughter) [[Zhu Yunlai]] (son)"},"education":{"wt":"[[Tsinghua University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])"},"profession":{"wt":"[[Electrical Engineering|Electrical engineer]]"},"signature":{"wt":"Zhu Rongji signature.png"},"module":{"wt":"{{Infobox Chinese\n|child = yes\n|s = {{linktext|朱|镕|基}}\n|t = {{linktext|朱|鎔|基}}\n|p = Zhū Róngjī\n|w = Chu1 Jung2-chi1\n|mi = {{IPAc-cmn|zh|u|1|-|r|ong|2|.|j|i|1}}\n|poj = Chu Iûⁿ-ki\n|order = st\n|j = Zyu1 Jung4gei1}}"},"module2":{"wt":"{{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Zhu Rongji's voice.ogg|title=Zhu Rongji's voice|type=speech|description=Zhu speaking at the [[White House]] Recorded 8 April 1999}}"}},"i":0}}]}'>Zhu Rongji 朱镕基 Zhu in 2000 Premier of China In office 17 March 1998 – 16 March 2003 President Jiang Zemin Vice Premier Li Lanqing Qian Qichen Wu Bangguo Wen Jiabao Preceded by Li Peng Succeeded by Wen Jiabao Vice Premier of China In office 29 March 1993 – 17 March 1998 Premier Li Peng Governor of the People's Bank of China In office 2 July 1993 – 30 June 1995 Premier Li Peng Preceded by Li Guixian Succeeded by Dai Xianglong Party Secretary of Shanghai In office 1 August 1989 – 20 March 1991 Preceded by Jiang Zemin Succeeded by Wu Bangguo Mayor of Shanghai In office 25 April 1988 – 20 March 1991 Preceded by Jiang Zemin Succeeded by Huang Ju Personal details Born (1928-10-23)23 October 1928 Changsha, Hunan, China Died 12 August 2026(2026-08-12) (aged 97) Beijing, China Party Chinese Communist Party (1949–1958; 1978–2026) Spouse Lao An (married"}]]}'>m. 1956) Children Zhu Yanlai (daughter) Zhu Yunlai (son) Education Tsinghua University (BS) Profession Electrical engineer Signature Chinese name Simplified Chinese 朱镕基 Traditional Chinese 朱鎔基 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhū Róngjī Wade–Giles Chu1 Jung2-chi1 IPA [ʈʂú ɻʊ̌ŋ.tɕí] Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Zyu1 Jung4gei1 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Chu Iûⁿ-ki Zhu Rongji's voice Zhu speaking at the White House Recorded 8 April 1999 Zhu Rongji (Chinese: 朱镕基; IPA: [ʈʂú ɻʊ̌ŋ.tɕí]; 23 October 1928 – 12 August 2026) was a Chinese politician and electrical engineer who served as the 5th premier of China from 1998 to 2003. He also served as member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1992 to 2002, along with CCP general secretary Jiang Zemin. Born in Changsha, Hunan, Zhu became a member of the CCP in 1949, the same year the People's Republic of China was established. He worked in the State Planning Commission between 1952 and 1958, and criticized CCP leader Mao Zedong's economic policies during the Hundred Flowers Campaign in 1957, causing him to being labeled as a "rightist" in the subsequent Anti-Rightist Campaign, leading Zhu to be demoted and expelled from the CCP. He was sent to work at a remote cadre school afterwards. He was pardoned, though not politically rehabilitated, in 1962 after the famine caused by the Great Leap Forward, being again assigned at the State Planning Commission. He was purged again during the Cultural Revolution, where he was sent for re-education to a May Seventh Cadre School. After Mao's death in 1976 and the rise of Deng Xiaoping afterwards, Zhu was politically rehabilitated and allowed to rejoin the CCP. He worked in the Ministry of Petroleum from 1976 to 1979, and joined the State Economic Commission, successor of the State Planning Commission, in 1979; he served as the vice minister of the commission from 1983 to 1987. In 1988, he became the mayor of Shanghai, where he pursued economic reforms. He worked with Shanghai CCP secretary Jiang Zemin, who he succeeded as Shanghai CCP secretary in 1989, when Jiang was promoted to CCP general secretary. Zhu became the first-ranked vice premier in 1993, serving under premier Li Peng, where he pursued further economic reforms. He was further promoted to being premier in 1998. In his capacity as first vice premier and premier, Zhu was regarded as the leading figure behind China's economic policy and a key decision-maker of the reform and opening up. Zhu had a reputation as a tough but pragmatic administrator. During his office, China's economy saw double digit growth. Zhu was also much more popular than his predecessor Li Peng among the Chinese public. However, Zhu's opponents argue that his tough and pragmatic stance on policy was unrealistic and unnecessary, and many of his promises were left unfulfilled. Zhu retired in 2003 and was not a public figure thereafter. Zhu died in Beijing on 12 August 2026, at the age of 97. Early life and career [edit] Zhu Rongji was born in Changsha, Hunan, on 23 October 1928[1][2] to a family of intellectuals[3] and wealthy landowners. According to family tradition, his family was descended from Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming dynasty. His father died before he was born, and his mother died when he was nine. Zhu was subsequently raised by his uncle, Zhu Xuefang, who continued to support Zhu's education.[4] Zhu was educated locally, and after graduation from high school he enrolled in the prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing in 1947.[3] At Tsinghua he became a student leader and took part in activities organized by the Communist Party.[5] He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1949, the same year that Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China, and he graduated from Tsinghua University with a Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1951.[3] People's Republic of China [edit] Zhu then began his career as a civil servant in the Northeast China Ministry of Industries, where he was appointed the deputy head of its production planning office. In 1951 he became the chairman of the Tsinghua Student Union. From 1952 to 1958 he worked in the State Planning Commission, where he was group head, deputy director, and deputy section chief.[6] In 1957, during the Hundred Flowers Campaign,[4] he criticized Mao's economic policies, saying that they promoted "irrational high growth". His comments led to him being subsequently identified as a "rightist" in 1958 during the Anti-Rightist Campaign, for which he was persecuted, demoted,[3] disgraced, and thrown out of the Communist Party in January 1958.[7] In the late 1950s his family was also persecuted for their pre-revolutionary status as wealthy landowners, and their family mansion was destroyed.[4] After his persecution as a rightist, Zhu was sent to work at a remote cadre school. In 1962, following the famine and industrial collapse caused by the Great Leap Forward,[8] Zhu was pardoned (but not politically rehabilitated), and assigned to work as an engineer at the National Economic Bureau of the State Planning Commission. During the Cultural Revolution, Zhu was purged again. From 1970 to 1975, he was sent for "re-education" to a May Seventh Cadre School, a special farm for disgraced government workers and former Party members.[6] During his five-year exile in the countryside Zhu was a manual laborer, raising pigs and cattle, carrying human waste, and planting rice.[5] Shortly after Mao's death in 1976, Deng Xiaoping rose to power and subsequently initiated political reforms leading to the rehabilitation of victims of the Cultural Revolution.[8] From 1976 to 1979. he worked as an engineer in the Ministry of Petroleum Industry, and served as the director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Industrial Economic Bureau.[7] In 1978, he was formally rehabilitated and allowed to rejoin the CCP.[8] During the late 1970s, Zhu's positions were relatively low-profile, but after Deng consolidated his power in the 1980s and the government became more meritocratic, Zhu was promoted to work in increasingly demanding positions. He had few connections in the army, the Party, or the bureaucracy, and was able to rise through the ranks of the government mostly through his own skills.[8] In 1979, he was reassigned to the State Economic Commission, the successor of the State Planning Commission, where he served as vice-minister from 1983 to 1987.[3] After being politically rehabilitated and reentering the civil service, Zhu resumed connections with his alma mater, Tsinghua University. In 1984, he was named the founding dean of the Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management. He held his position as dean at Tsinghua for 17 years, throughout most of his subsequent public career.[9] As he became increasingly able to meet and make connections with foreign academics and world leaders, he was able to promote a close academic relationship between…