Karai-karai - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Distribution 2 Classification 3 Bole-Tangale languages 4 Literary Karai-karai 5 Writing system Toggle Writing system subsection 5.1 Alphabets 5.2 Orthography 5.3 Vowels 6 See also 7 References Toggle References subsection 7.1 Works cited Toggle the table of contents Karai-karai 10 languages Brezhoneg Fulfulde Français Galego Hausa Hrvatski Igbo Piemontèis Русский Kiswahili Edit links Article Talk English Read Edit View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read Edit View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Switch to legacy parser Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikifunctions Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Karai-Karai) Nigerian language spoken in West Africa [[Arabic script]] (formerly)"},"nation":{"wt":"{{flag|Nigeria}}"},"iso3":{"wt":"kai"},"glotto":{"wt":"kare1348"},"glottorefname":{"wt":"Karai-karai"},"map":{"wt":"Afro asiatic peoples nigeria.png"},"mapcaption":{"wt":"Ethnic territories (pink) of the Karai-karai-speaking people (Bakwaró) in Nigeria"}},"i":0}}]}'>Karai-karai كاراي-كاراي (Ajami) Native to Nigeria Region Bauchi State, Yobe State, Gombe State Ethnicity Karai-Karai Native speakers 1.8 million (2010)[1] Language family Afro-Asiatic ChadicWest ChadicBole–AngasBole–Tangale (A.2)Bole (North)Karai-karai Writing system Latin (Karai-karai alphabet) Arabic script (formerly) Official status Official language in Nigeria Language codes ISO 639-3 kai Glottolog kare1348 Ethnic territories (pink) of the Karai-karai-speaking people (Bakwaró) in Nigeria Karai-karai (Francophonic spelling: Karekare, Kerrikerri, Ajami: كاراي-كاراي)[2] is a language spoken in West Africa, most prominently North eastern Nigeria. The number of speakers of Karai-karai is estimated between 1,500,000 and 1,800,000 million, primarily spoken by the ethnic Karai-Karai people. It is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken principally in Nigeria with communities in Bauchi State, Yobe State, Gombe State and other parts of Nigeria. Many Karai-karai words share a common origin with the Northwest Semitic languages of Hebrew and Arabic. The Karai-karai language is most closely related to the Ngamo and Bole languages (spoken in north eastern Nigeria) which are both considered derivatives of the Karai-karai language.[1] Distribution [edit] Karai-karai (and its dialects) is a well-spoken language in the following northern Nigerian states: Bauchi State Yobe State Borno State Gombe State Taraba State Adamawa State Jigawa State Kano State Nasarawa State Classification [edit] Karai-karai is classified among the Bole-Tangale languages, together with Bure, Deno, Gero, Geruma, Galambu, Giiwo, Kubi, Maaka, Ɓeele, Daza, Pali, Ngamo, Bole and the isolate Tangale form the BoleTangale group of languages within the West Chadic branch of the Chadic family. In present-day Nigeria, it is estimated that there are over 2 million Karai-karai primary and secondary language speakers within Nigeria, it is the second most widely spoken language in North eastearn Nigeria. Bole-Tangale languages [edit] Main article: Bole–Tangale languages Below is a comprehensive list of Bole–Tangale languages names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019). It is the subgroup which the Karai-karai language belongs [3] Language Cluster Dialects Alternate spellings Own name for language Endonym(s) Other names (location-based) Other names for language Exonym(s) Speakers Daza Daza a few villages (Note: No data available) Bauchi State, Darazo LGA Bole Bara, Fika (Fiyankayen, Anpika) Bòò Pìkkà, Bopika Am Pìkkà, Ampika Fika, Piika Bolanci Anika, Bolewa 32,000 (1952 W&B); est. >100,000 (1990) Bauchi State, Dukku, Alkaleri, and Darazo LGAs; Borno State, Fika LGA Bure BuBure Bure Bure A single village southeast of Darazo town Bauchi State, Darazo LGA Ɓeele Bele Àɓéelé bòhé áɓéelé sg., Àɓéelé pl. Bellawa 120 (Temple 1922); a few villages Bauchi State Deno 9,900 (LA 1971) Bauchi State, Darazo LGA; 45 km northeast of Bauchi town Galambu Galembi, Galambe Galambu Galambu 8505 (Temple 1922); 2020 (Meek 1925); 1000 (SIL) Bauchi State, Bauchi LGA, at least 15 villages Dera Shani, Shellen and Gasi Bo Dera na Dera sg., Dera pl. Kanakuru 11,300 (W&B) Adamawa State, Shellen LGA; Borno State, Shani LGA Fyandigeri Fyandigere sg. laa Fyandigeri, pl. Fyandigeri Gerawa, Gere, Gera 13,300 (LA 1971); at least 30 villages. Many Gera villages no longer speak the language. A 2018 survey suggested there are only 4 villages where the language is being passed on to children. Bauchi State, Bauchi and Darazo LGAs Geruma Sum, Duurum, possibly Gamsawa/Gamshi (Temple) Gerema, Germa Geerum (Duurum dialect); Gyeermu (Sum dialect) Geerum (Duurum dialect); sg. na Gyeermu, pl. Gyeermu (Sum dial.) 4,700 (LA 1971) Bauchi State, Toro and Darazo LGAs. At least 10 villages Giiwo Kirifi Bu Giiwo sg. Ba Giiwo, pl. Ma Giiwo 3,620 (1922 Temple); 14,000 (SIL) Bauchi State, Alkaleri, Bauchi and Darazo LGAs, 24 villages Karai-karai Western Jalalúm, northern Bíŕkaí, southern Pakaró (Pakaráu)/Matací and eastern Ngwajum Kәrekәre, Kerekere, Karaikarai, Kerikeri Bo Karai-karai Sg. Bakarkare, Pl. Karaikarai Jalamawa Karkanci, Karekaranci, Bo Saban Bakwaráu, Bakwaró 1,000,000 (2005) Bauchi State; Dambam, Gamawa and Misau LGAs; Yobe State; Nangere, Potiskum, Fune and Fika LGAs Gombe State; Nafada and Deba LGAs Kholok Kode, Koode, Kwoode, Widala, Pia, Wurkum, Pitiko 2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango Kubi Kuba 1,090 (1922 Temple); 500 (1973 SIL) Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, 40 km. N.E. of Bauchi town Kulung (Chadic) Kulung (speakers consider themselves Kulung i.e. Jarawan Bantu, although their language is Chadic and related to Piya) Wurkum 2000? Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA Kutto Kupto Kúttò Kúttò Two villages. 3000 (1990 est.) Bauchi State, Bajoga LGA, Yobe State, Gujba LGA Maaka Two dialects; Maaka (at Gulani) and Maha (at Vara) Magha, Maga, Maha More than 4,000 (1990) Yobe State, Gujba LGA. Gulani and Bara towns and associated hamlets. Northeast of Dadin Kowa Reservoir. Ngamo Gamo 17,800 (1952 W&B) Borno State, Fika LGA; Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, Darazo district and Dukku LGA, Nafada district Pero Dialects associated with three major settlements Walo Péerò sg. Péerò, pl. Pìpéerò Filiya [town name] 6,664 (1925 Meek); 20,000 (1973 SIL) Gombe State, Shongom LGA, around Filiya. 3 main villages: Gwandum, Gundale and Filiya. Piya–Kwonci cluster Piya–Kwonci Pia Wurkum, Pitiko 2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango Piya Piya–Kwonci Pia Wurkum Kwonci Piya–Kwonci Kunshenu More than 4000 (1990) Goji Fo Goji Nya Goji pl. Memme Goji Kushe, Kushi Chong'e 4000 (1973 SIL); 5000 (1990). ca. 20 villages (2007) Gombe State, Shongom LGA Kwaami Kafarati, Ɗolli Kwami, Kwom Kwáámì Kwáámì Komawa 10,000 (1990) Bauchi State, Kwami LGA Nyam Nyambolo A single village Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, at Andami village Tangale Ture, Kaltungo, Shongom, Billiri Tangle Táŋlɛ̀ Billiri 36,000 (1952 W&B); 100,000 (1973 SIL) Gombe State, Kaltungo, Alkaleri and Akko LGAs Literary Karai-karai [edit] Standard Karai-karai has its origin in the 1950s, when Northern Region Literary Agency (NORLA) worked on the book Ndar Ma Karatu which is the earliest publication in Karai-karai published by Gaskiya Corporation.[4] Writing system [edit] Alphabets [edit] Karai-karai language is written with the basic Latin script, with four diacritics appearing on vowels (circumflex accent, acute accent, grave accent) and the cedilla appearing in "ç" and "ş". The Latin letters ⟨q⟩, ⟨v⟩, ⟨x⟩ are not used as part of the official orthography of Standard Karai-karai. Karai-karai Alphabets [5] Capital Letters A B Ɓ C D Ɗ E G H I J K Ƙ L M N O P R R̃ S Ş T U W ʼW Y ʼY Z Small Letters a b ɓ c d ɗ e g h i j k ƙ l m n o p r r̃ s ş t u w ʼw y ʼy z Orthography [edit] Digraphs: dl, hn, tl, zh, lh, lz, zh, sh, ny, nz, nd, nt, nc, nk, nj, ng, mp, mb. mɓ, kw, gw, ƙw, zh, sh. Trigraphs: nlz, nzh, ngw, nkw[6] Accents: à, â, á, ā, è, ê, é, ē, ì, í, ī, î, ò, ō, ó, ù, ū, ú, ā̀, ḕ, ī̀, ṑ, ū̀, ā́, ḗ, ī́, ṓ, ū́. Vowels [edit] The Karai-karai language has five long vowels, a, e, i, o, u and five long vowels [a:, e:, i:, o:, and u:] these five long vowels are written as ā, ē, ī, ō, ū or with double letters as follows: aa, ee, ii, oo, and uu as used by some dialects.[7] The diphthongs: au and ai. See also [edit] Gooya Valley References [edit] 1 2 Karai-karai at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) ↑ "OLAC resources in and about the Karai-Karai language". ↑ Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation. ↑ Russeel G. Schuch; Yobe State Languages Research Project: aflang.humanities.ucla.edu/language-materials/chadic-languages/yobe/Karai-Karai ↑ Tikau & Yusuf 2009, p. viii. ↑ Kariya Gambo, Adamu Hassan (2001). Karai-Karai People and Language (A Package for Barakau 2001) (First ed.). Yobe State, Nigeria: Mbeeno Club, Potiskum. p. 53. ↑ Kariya Gambo, Adamu Hassan (2001). Karai-Karai People and Language (A Package for Barakau 2001) (First ed.). Yobe State, Nigeria: Mbeeno Club, Potiskum. p. 53. Works cited [edit] Tikau, Abubaka Idris; Yusuf, Ibrahim; Gambo, Malam Kariya; Karofi, Umaru Manu; Mamu, Dauda; Bumi, Rifkatu I.; Schuh, Russel G. (2009). Karekare-English-Hausa dictionary (PDF). Potiskum: Yobe Languages Research Project. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-06. Retrieved 2023-10-08. Karai-karai test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator v t e Languages of Nigeria Official languages English National languages Hausa Igbo Yoruba Recognised languages Berom Ebira Edo Efik-Ibibio Fulfulde Gbagyi Idoma Igala Ijaw Isoko Izere Jju Jukun Kanuri Nupe Karai-karai Tiv Tyap Ukwuani Urhobo Indigenous languages Indigenous languages (grouped by Nigerian state) Adamawa Baa Bacama Bali Bata Boga Bura Chamba Leko Daba Daka Dong Fali of Mubi Ga'anda Gaa Gude Gudu Holma Huba Hwana Hya Kamwe Kanakuru Kirya-Konzəl Kofa Koma Kpasam Kugama Kumba Lamang Longuda Margi Margi South Mumuye Ngwaba Nyong Nzanyi Psikyɛ Sukur Taram Teme Tso Vere Waja Wom Yendang Zizilivakan Akwa Ibom Anaang Ekit Ibibio Obolo Oron Bauchi Ɓeele Bole Bure Ciwogai Dass Dazawa Deno Dikaka Dulbu Galambu Gera Geruma Giiwo Guruntum Jalaa Jarawa Jimi Karekare Kariya Kir-Balar Kubi Kushi Kusur–Myet Kutto Kwaami Labir Longuda Mangas Mburku Miya Pa'a Piya Polci Shiki Siri Tso Warji Zangwal Zumbun Bayelsa Izon Epie Urhobo-Isoko Southeast Ijo Benue Eggon Igede Borno Afade Bura Cibak Cineni Dghwede Glavda Gude Guduf-Gava Gvoko Jara Jilbe Kamwe Kanakuru Lamang Maaka Mafa Margi Margi South Nggwahyi Putai Tera Wandala Yedina Cross River Abanyom Efik Mbe Mbembe Delta Urhobo-Isoko Ika Izon Isoko Ukwuani Uhrobo Edo Afenmai Ishan Bini Gombe Awak Bangwinji Bole Dadiya Jara Kamo Ngamo Pero Tangale Tera Tula Waja Jigawa Bade Teshenawa Kaduna Adara Ahwai Anib Atsam Ayu Berom Bu-Ninkada Bina Bishi Cori Doka Dungu Duya Ekhwa Gbagyi-Gbari Gwandara Gyong Hasha Hausa Hyam Ikulu Jju Kaivi Kinuku Koonu Kuzamani Mada Mala Nghan Nikyob-Nindem Ninzo Numana Nungu Nyankpa Ruma Sambe Sha Shamang T'kurmi Timap TiSeni Tivori Toro Tugbiri-Niragu Tumi Tyap (Fantswam, Gworog, Sholyio, Takad, Tyap Mabatado, Tyecharak, Tyuku) Vono Wachi Zhire Kano Ɗuwai Hausa Tikurmi Kebb…